वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-47, verse-10

ततो नगर्याः सहसा महौजा निष्क्रम्य तद्वानरसैन्यमुग्रम् ।
महार्णवाभ्रस्तनितं ददर्श समुद्यतं पादपशैलहस्तम् ॥१०॥

10. tato nagaryāḥ sahasā mahaujā niṣkramya tadvānarasainyamugram ,
mahārṇavābhrastanitaṃ dadarśa samudyataṃ pādapaśailahastam.

10. tataḥ nagaryāḥ sahasā mahaujāḥ
niṣkramya tat vānarasainyam
ugram mahārṇavābhrastanitam
dadarśa samudyatam pādapaśailahastam

10. tataḥ mahaujāḥ nagaryāḥ sahasā
niṣkramya tat ugram
mahārṇavābhrastanitam pādapaśailahastam
samudyatam vānarasainyam dadarśa

10. Then, the mighty Rāma, suddenly emerging from the city, saw that fierce monkey army, roaring like great oceans and clouds, standing ready with trees and rocks in their hands.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, therefore

• नगर्याः (nagaryāḥ) - from the city, of the city

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, immediately

• महौजाः (mahaujāḥ) - The mighty Rāma (mighty, powerful, great energy)

• निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having gone out, having emerged

• तत् (tat) - that, those

• वानरसैन्यम् (vānarasainyam) - monkey army

• उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, mighty

• महार्णवाभ्रस्तनितम् (mahārṇavābhrastanitam) - roaring like a great ocean and clouds

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he beheld

• समुद्यतम् (samudyatam) - prepared, ready, raised

• पादपशैलहस्तम् (pādapaśailahastam) - having trees and rocks in hands

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, therefore

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to pronoun 'tat'

नगर्याः (nagaryāḥ) - from the city, of the city

(noun)

feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

Note: Ablative case fits the context 'from the city'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Instrumental case of sahas (force) used as an adverb

महौजाः (mahaujāḥ) - The mighty Rāma (mighty, powerful, great energy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahaujāḥ

mahaujāḥ - mighty, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahant+ojas)

• mahant – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ojas – power, energy, strength
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Rāma.

निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having gone out, having emerged

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root kram (to step, walk) with upasarga nis, followed by suffix -ya for absolutive.

Prefix: nis

Root: kram (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Qualifies 'vānarasainyam'.

वानरसैन्यम् (vānarasainyam) - monkey army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vānarasainya

vānarasainya - monkey army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+sainya)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, formidable

Note: Qualifies 'vānarasainyam'.

महार्णवाभ्रस्तनितम् (mahārṇavābhrastanitam) - roaring like a great ocean and clouds

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahārṇavābhrastanita

mahārṇavābhrastanita - roaring like a great ocean and clouds

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+arṇava+abhra+stanita)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• abhra – cloud, sky
  noun (neuter)
• stanita – roaring, thunder
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root stan (to roar, thunder) + kta suffix
  Root: stan (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānarasainyam'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active

Intransitive root 'dṛś' (to see) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Verb of the sentence, subject is 'mahaujāḥ' (Rāma).

समुद्यतम् (samudyatam) - prepared, ready, raised

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samudyata

samudyata - prepared, ready, raised, uplifted

Past Passive Participle

Root 'yam' (to restrain, hold) with upasargas 'sam' and 'ud', in past passive participle form.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānarasainyam'.

पादपशैलहस्तम् (pādapaśailahastam) - having trees and rocks in hands

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pādapaśailahasta

pādapaśailahasta - having trees and rocks as hands/in hands

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pādapa+śaila+hasta)

• pādapa – tree (drinking with feet)
  noun (masculine)
• śaila – rock, mountain
  noun (masculine)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānarasainyam'.