वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-47, verse-3

संख्ये प्रहस्तं निहतं निशम्य शोकार्दितः क्रोधपरीतचेताः ।
उवाच तान्नैरृतयोधमुख्यानिन्द्रो यथा चामरयोधमुख्यान् ॥३॥

3. saṃkhye prahastaṃ nihataṃ niśamya śokārditaḥ krodhaparītacetāḥ ,
uvāca tānnairṛtayodhamukhyānindro yathā cāmarayodhamukhyān.

3. saṃkhye prahastaṃ nihataṃ niśamya
śoka arditaḥ krodha parīta cetāḥ
uvāca tān nairṛta yodha mukhyān
indraḥ yathā cāmara yodha mukhyān

3. Upon hearing that Prahasta had been slain in battle, [Rāvaṇa], afflicted by sorrow and with his mind engulfed by rage, spoke to the chief rākṣasa warriors, just as Indra would address the chief divine warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration)

• प्रहस्तं (prahastaṁ) - Prahasta, a rākṣasa general (Prahasta (proper noun))

• निहतं (nihataṁ) - slain (Prahasta) (slain, killed)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - Upon hearing (about Prahasta's death) (having heard, after hearing)

• शोक (śoka) - grief, sorrow

• अर्दितः (arditaḥ) - afflicted (by grief) (afflicted, tormented, oppressed)

• क्रोध (krodha) - anger, wrath

• परीत (parīta) - overwhelmed (by anger) (surrounded, encompassed, overwhelmed)

• चेताः (cetāḥ) - whose mind (was overwhelmed by anger) (mind, consciousness)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Rāvaṇa) said (he said, he spoke)

• तान् (tān) - to those (chief rākṣasa warriors) (to them, those)

• नैरृत (nairṛta) - rākṣasa, demon (relating to Nirṛti, a rākṣasa, demonic)

• योध (yodha) - warrior (warrior, fighter)

• मुख्यान् (mukhyān) - chief (warriors) (chief, principal, foremost)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - the king of the gods (Indra (name of a deity))

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

• चामर (cāmara) - divine, celestial (fly-whisk, divine, celestial)

• योध (yodha) - warrior (warrior, fighter)

• मुख्यान् (mukhyān) - chief (warriors) (chief, principal, foremost)

Words meanings and morphology

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, encounter, enumeration

Locative singular of saṃkhya

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā

प्रहस्तं (prahastaṁ) - Prahasta, a rākṣasa general (Prahasta (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahasta

prahasta - Prahasta (name of a rākṣasa general)

Prefix: pra

Root: hast

निहतं (nihataṁ) - slain (Prahasta) (slain, killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han 'to strike, kill' with upasarga 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Prahastaṃ.

निशम्य (niśamya) - Upon hearing (about Prahasta's death) (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed with upasarga 'ni' and root 'śam' with suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

शोक (śoka) - grief, sorrow

(noun)

masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation

Root: śuc

Note: Part of the compound śokārditaḥ.

अर्दितः (arditaḥ) - afflicted (by grief) (afflicted, tormented, oppressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ardita

ardita - afflicted, tormented, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ard 'to pain, harass'

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, referring to Rāvaṇa.

क्रोध (krodha) - anger, wrath

(noun)

masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh

Note: Part of the compound krodhaparītacetāḥ.

परीत (parīta) - overwhelmed (by anger) (surrounded, encompassed, overwhelmed)

(adjective)

masculine, singular of parīta

parīta - surrounded, encompassed, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root i 'to go' with upasarga 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound krodhaparītacetāḥ.

चेताः (cetāḥ) - whose mind (was overwhelmed by anger) (mind, consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, intelligence, consciousness

Nominative singular of cetas (neuter s-stem), used here in a Bahuvrīhi compound

Root: cit

Note: Forms the Bahuvrīhi compound krodhaparītacetāḥ (one whose mind is overwhelmed by anger).

उवाच (uvāca) - (Rāvaṇa) said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect third person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

तान् (tān) - to those (chief rākṣasa warriors) (to them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, those

Accusative plural of 'tad', masculine

Note: Refers to the nairṛtayodhamukhyān.

नैरृत (nairṛta) - rākṣasa, demon (relating to Nirṛti, a rākṣasa, demonic)

(adjective)

masculine, plural of nairṛta

nairṛta - demonic, related to Nirṛti, a rākṣasa

Note: Part of the compound nairṛtayodhamukhyān.

योध (yodha) - warrior (warrior, fighter)

(noun)

masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, combatant

Root: yudh

Note: Part of the compound nairṛtayodhamukhyān.

मुख्यान् (mukhyān) - chief (warriors) (chief, principal, foremost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mukhya

mukhya - chief, principal, foremost, main

Accusative plural of mukhya, masculine

Root: mukha

Note: Qualifies and forms compound with nairṛtayodha.

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - the king of the gods (Indra (name of a deity))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, chief of the devas

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

चामर (cāmara) - divine, celestial (fly-whisk, divine, celestial)

(adjective)

masculine, plural of cāmara

cāmara - fly-whisk (made of yak tail), also can imply 'divine' due to association with deities

Note: Part of the compound cāmarayodhamukhyān.

योध (yodha) - warrior (warrior, fighter)

(noun)

masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, combatant

Root: yudh

Note: Part of the compound cāmarayodhamukhyān.

मुख्यान् (mukhyān) - chief (warriors) (chief, principal, foremost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mukhya

mukhya - chief, principal, foremost, main

Accusative plural of mukhya, masculine

Root: mukha

Note: Qualifies and forms compound with cāmarayodha.