महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-79

तं पिबन्पाणिमिन्द्रस्य समामह्ना व्यवर्धत ।
स आसीद्द्वादशसमो द्वादशाहेन पार्थिव ॥७९॥

79. taṁ pibanpāṇimindrasya samāmahnā vyavardhata ,
sa āsīddvādaśasamo dvādaśāhena pārthiva.

79. tam piban pāṇim indrasya samām ahnā vyavardhata
saḥ āsīt dvādaśasamaḥ dvādaśāhena pārthiva

79. tam indrasya pāṇim piban saḥ ahnā samām
vyavardhata pārthiva dvādaśāhena dvādaśasamaḥ āsīt

79. Drinking from Indra's hand, he (Māndhātā) grew in a single day as much as one would in a year. O King, in just twelve days, he became (as developed as) one twelve years of age.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Māndhātā) (him, that)

• पिबन् (piban) - (he) drinking (drinking)

• पाणिम् (pāṇim) - (Indra's) hand (hand)

• इन्द्रस्य (indrasya) - of the god Indra (of Indra)

• समाम् (samām) - (as much as) a year (worth of growth) (a year, equal)

• अह्ना (ahnā) - in a single day (by a day, in a day)

• व्यवर्धत (vyavardhata) - he grew (rapidly) (grew, increased)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Māndhātā) (he, that)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he became (was, became, existed)

• द्वादशसमः (dvādaśasamaḥ) - equal to one twelve years of age (equal to twelve, twelve-fold)

• द्वादशाहेन (dvādaśāhena) - within a period of twelve days (by twelve days, in twelve days)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king (addressing the listener) (O king, earthly, a ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Māndhātā) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of the participle 'piban'.

पिबन् (piban) - (he) drinking (drinking)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pibat

pibat - drinking

Present Active Participle

from root pā (to drink)

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Māndhātā (implied subject).

पाणिम् (pāṇim) - (Indra's) hand (hand)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇi

pāṇi - hand

Note: Object of 'piban'.

इन्द्रस्य (indrasya) - of the god Indra (of Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of indra

indra - chief of the gods, ruler, lord

Note: Possessive, modifying 'pāṇim'.

समाम् (samām) - (as much as) a year (worth of growth) (a year, equal)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samā

samā - year, equal

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating extent or duration.

अह्ना (ahnā) - in a single day (by a day, in a day)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

Note: Instrumental of time, 'within a day'.

व्यवर्धत (vyavardhata) - he grew (rapidly) (grew, increased)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, middle voice, from root vṛdh with prefixes vi and ava

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (Māndhātā) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - he became (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

द्वादशसमः (dvādaśasamaḥ) - equal to one twelve years of age (equal to twelve, twelve-fold)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvādaśasama

dvādaśasama - equal to twelve, twelve-fold

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvādaśa+sama)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• sama – equal, similar
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saḥ'.

द्वादशाहेन (dvādaśāhena) - within a period of twelve days (by twelve days, in twelve days)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dvādaśāha

dvādaśāha - period of twelve days

Compound type : dvigu (dvādaśan+ahan)

• dvādaśan – twelve
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental of time, 'within twelve days'.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king (addressing the listener) (O king, earthly, a ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, a king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Direct address to the listener (e.g., Janamejaya).