महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-45

स चेन्ममार सृञ्जय चतुर्भद्रतरस्त्वया ।
पुत्रात्पुण्यतरश्चैव मा पुत्रमनुतप्यथाः ॥४५॥

45. sa cenmamāra sṛñjaya caturbhadratarastvayā ,
putrātpuṇyataraścaiva mā putramanutapyathāḥ.

45. saḥ cet mamāra sṛñjaya caturbhadrataraḥ tvayā
putrāt puṇyataraḥ ca eva mā putram anutapyathāḥ

45. sṛñjaya cet saḥ tvayā caturbhadrataraḥ ca putrāt eva puṇyataraḥ mamāra,
(tadā) putram mā anutapyathāḥ

45. O Sṛñjaya, if even he (Bharata) died, who was of four-fold excellence (caturbhadratara) compared to you, and was indeed more meritorious (puṇyatara) than a son, then do not grieve for your son.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Bharata mentioned in previous verses) (he, that)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• ममार (mamāra) - he died

• सृञ्जय (sṛñjaya) - O Sṛñjaya!

• चतुर्भद्रतरः (caturbhadrataraḥ) - more excellent in four ways, four times more auspicious, supremely excellent

• त्वया (tvayā) - than you (used for comparison) (by you, than you)

• पुत्रात् (putrāt) - than a son (for comparison) (from a son, than a son)

• पुण्यतरः (puṇyataraḥ) - more meritorious, more virtuous, more sacred

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - certainly (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, only)

• मा (mā) - do not

• पुत्रम् (putram) - your son (implied by context of Sṛñjaya grieving for his son) (son)

• अनुतप्यथाः (anutapyathāḥ) - grieve for, repent, lament

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Bharata mentioned in previous verses) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

ममार (mamāra) - he died

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of mṛ

perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: mṛ (class 1)

सृञ्जय (sṛñjaya) - O Sṛñjaya!

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - Sṛñjaya (a proper name, often a king)

चतुर्भद्रतरः (caturbhadrataraḥ) - more excellent in four ways, four times more auspicious, supremely excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturbhadratara

caturbhadratara - more excellent in four ways, having four superior qualities, four times more auspicious/excellent

Comparative form of `caturbhadra` (four good things/qualities). Tatpuruṣa compound + comparative suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+bhadra+tara)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bhadra – good, auspicious, excellent, fortunate
  adjective
• tara – suffix for comparative degree: more, better
  suffix
  Comparative suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Bharata).

त्वया (tvayā) - than you (used for comparison) (by you, than you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Functions as ablative for comparison.

पुत्रात् (putrāt) - than a son (for comparison) (from a son, than a son)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Used for comparison with `puṇyataraḥ`.

पुण्यतरः (puṇyataraḥ) - more meritorious, more virtuous, more sacred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyatara

puṇyatara - more meritorious, more virtuous, more holy

Comparative form of `puṇya` (meritorious, virtuous).

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Bharata).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - certainly (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Prohibitive particle used with aorist or imperative.

Note: Used with `anutapyathāḥ` for prohibition.

पुत्रम् (putram) - your son (implied by context of Sṛñjaya grieving for his son) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

अनुतप्यथाः (anutapyathāḥ) - grieve for, repent, lament

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of anu-tap

aorist middle

Aorist 2nd person singular middle. Used with `mā` for prohibition.

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Prohibitive construction `mā + aorist`.