महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-39

स चेन्ममार सृञ्जय चतुर्भद्रतरस्त्वया ।
पुत्रात्पुण्यतरश्चैव मा पुत्रमनुतप्यथाः ।
अदक्षिणमयज्वानं तं वै संशाम्य मा शुचः ॥३९॥

39. sa cenmamāra sṛñjaya caturbhadratarastvayā ,
putrātpuṇyataraścaiva mā putramanutapyathāḥ ,
adakṣiṇamayajvānaṁ taṁ vai saṁśāmya mā śucaḥ.

39. saḥ cet mamāra sṛñjaya caturbhadrataraḥ
tvayā putrāt puṇyataraḥ ca
eva mā putram anutapyathāḥ adakṣiṇam
ayajvānam tam vai saṃśāmya mā śucaḥ

39. sṛñjaya cet saḥ mamāra,
(saḥ) tvayā caturbhadrataraḥ ca eva putrāt puṇyataraḥ (asti).
mā putram anutapyathāḥ.
adakṣiṇam ayajvānam tam vai saṃśāmya mā śucaḥ.

39. If he died, O Sañjaya, he was four times more excellent than you, and indeed more virtuous than your son. Therefore, do not grieve for your son. Calm yourself about that one who gave no sacrificial fee and performed no sacrifices; do not mourn.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• चेत् (cet) - if

• ममार (mamāra) - he died

• सृञ्जय (sṛñjaya) - O Sañjaya

• चतुर्भद्रतरः (caturbhadrataraḥ) - four times more excellent/auspicious

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• पुत्रात् (putrāt) - than the son, from the son

• पुण्यतरः (puṇyataraḥ) - more virtuous/meritorious

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

• मा (mā) - don't, not

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• अनुतप्यथाः (anutapyathāḥ) - do not grieve (you should grieve/regret)

• अदक्षिणम् (adakṣiṇam) - who gave no sacrificial fee (without sacrificial fee)

• अयज्वानम् (ayajvānam) - one who performed no sacrifices (one who does not sacrifice)

• तम् (tam) - him, that one

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• संशाम्य (saṁśāmya) - calming yourself about him (having calmed, pacified)

• मा (mā) - don't, not

• शुचः (śucaḥ) - do not mourn (you should mourn/grieve)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

ममार (mamāra) - he died

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of mṛ

Perfect (Liṭ) tense

3rd person singular active voice, Reduplicated perfect stem

Root: mṛ (class 6)

सृञ्जय (sṛñjaya) - O Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - Sañjaya (a proper name)

चतुर्भद्रतरः (caturbhadrataraḥ) - four times more excellent/auspicious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturbhadratara

caturbhadratara - four times more excellent/auspicious

Comparative adjective, derived from 'caturbhadra' with suffix '-tara'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+bhadra+tara)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bhadra – excellent, auspicious, blessed
  adjective (masculine)
• tara – more (comparative suffix)
  suffix

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पुत्रात् (putrāt) - than the son, from the son

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

पुण्यतरः (puṇyataraḥ) - more virtuous/meritorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyatara

puṇyatara - more virtuous, more meritorious

Comparative adjective, derived from 'puṇya' with suffix '-tara'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṇya+tara)

• puṇya – virtuous, meritorious, sacred act
  adjective (neuter)
• tara – more (comparative suffix)
  suffix

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

मा (mā) - don't, not

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with aorist/injunctive to form prohibitions.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

अनुतप्यथाः (anutapyathāḥ) - do not grieve (you should grieve/regret)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of anutap

Aorist Injunctive

2nd person singular middle voice, Aorist Injunctive form, often used with 'mā' for prohibition.

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used with 'mā' to form a negative imperative (prohibition).

अदक्षिणम् (adakṣiṇam) - who gave no sacrificial fee (without sacrificial fee)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adakṣiṇa

adakṣiṇa - without sacrificial fee, without right (reward)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dakṣiṇa)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dakṣiṇa – sacrificial fee, right, southern
  noun (feminine)

अयज्वानम् (ayajvānam) - one who performed no sacrifices (one who does not sacrifice)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ayajvan

ayajvan - non-sacrificer, one who does not offer sacrifices

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yajvan)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• yajvan – sacrificer, performing sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

संशाम्य (saṁśāmya) - calming yourself about him (having calmed, pacified)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'śam' with prefix 'sam' and suffix '-ya' (after upasarga)

Prefix: sam

Root: śam (class 4)

मा (mā) - don't, not

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with aorist/injunctive to form prohibitions.

शुचः (śucaḥ) - do not mourn (you should mourn/grieve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śuc

Aorist Injunctive

2nd person singular active voice, Aorist Injunctive form, often used with 'mā' for prohibition.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Used with 'mā' to form a negative imperative (prohibition).