महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-10

सर्वे ह्यभिमुखाः शूरा विगता रणशोभिनः ।
नैषां कश्चित्पृष्ठतो वा पलायन्वापि पातितः ॥१०॥

10. sarve hyabhimukhāḥ śūrā vigatā raṇaśobhinaḥ ,
naiṣāṁ kaścitpṛṣṭhato vā palāyanvāpi pātitaḥ.

10. sarve hi abhimukhāḥ śūrāḥ vigatāḥ raṇaśobhinaḥ na
eṣām kaścit pṛṣṭhataḥ vā palāyan vā api pātitāḥ

10. hi sarve abhimukhāḥ raṇaśobhinaḥ śūrāḥ vigatāḥ.
eṣām kascit pṛṣṭhataḥ vā palāyan vā api na pātitāḥ (abhūt).

10. Indeed, all those brave heroes (śūrāḥ) who adorned the battlefield met their end facing the foe. Not one of them was struck down from the back or while attempting to flee.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• अभिमुखाः (abhimukhāḥ) - facing the enemy (facing, turned towards, confronted)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave heroes (śūrāḥ) (brave ones, heroes, warriors)

• विगताः (vigatāḥ) - departed, met their end (departed, gone, passed away, dead)

• रणशोभिनः (raṇaśobhinaḥ) - who adorned the battlefield (glorifying battle, shining in battle, adorning the battlefield)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - among these (of these, among these)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, not one (anyone, someone, a certain)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from the back (from the back, behind, at the back)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• पलायन् (palāyan) - while fleeing, running away (fleeing, running away)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - struck down (thrown down, struck down, caused to fall)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अभिमुखाः (abhimukhāḥ) - facing the enemy (facing, turned towards, confronted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing towards, directed towards

Prefix: abhi

Root: mukh

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave heroes (śūrāḥ) (brave ones, heroes, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, heroic, a hero, warrior

Root: śū (class 1)

विगताः (vigatāḥ) - departed, met their end (departed, gone, passed away, dead)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vigata

vigata - gone, departed, passed away, dead

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

रणशोभिनः (raṇaśobhinaḥ) - who adorned the battlefield (glorifying battle, shining in battle, adorning the battlefield)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of raṇaśobhin

raṇaśobhin - glorifying battle, shining in battle

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+śobhin)

• raṇa – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• śobhin – shining, beautiful, adorning
  adjective
  Adjective from verbal root śubh (to shine, be beautiful)
  Derived from root śubh with suffix -in
  Root: śubh (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - among these (of these, among these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, not one (anyone, someone, a certain)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, anyone, a certain (indefinite pronoun)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from the back (from the back, behind, at the back)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pṛṣṭha (back) with suffix -tas

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

पलायन् (palāyan) - while fleeing, running away (fleeing, running away)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of palāyat

palāyat - fleeing, running away

Present Active Participle

From root palāy (to flee), derived from parā-i (to go away) or lāya (to melt)

Prefix: parā

Root: i (class 2)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - struck down (thrown down, struck down, caused to fall)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, struck down, killed

Causative Past Passive Participle

From root pat (to fall) in its causative form pāti (to cause to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)