महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-18

यस्मिन्प्रशासति सतां नृपतौ नृपसत्तम ।
अकृष्टपच्या पृथिवी विबभौ चैत्यमालिनी ॥१८॥

18. yasminpraśāsati satāṁ nṛpatau nṛpasattama ,
akṛṣṭapacyā pṛthivī vibabhau caityamālinī.

18. yasmin praśāsati satām nṛpatau nṛpasattama
akṛṣṭapacyā pṛthivī vibabhau caityamālinī

18. When that most excellent king among virtuous people was ruling, the earth yielded crops without cultivation and shone, adorned with sacred mounds (caitya).

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - when (he, the king) (in whom, when, in which)

• प्रशासति (praśāsati) - was ruling (ruling, governing, administrating)

• सताम् (satām) - among virtuous people (of the good, of the virtuous)

• नृपतौ (nṛpatau) - when the king (in the king, when the king)

• नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - most excellent king (best among kings, excellent king)

• अकृष्टपच्या (akṛṣṭapacyā) - yielding crops without cultivation (ripening without cultivation, yielding crops without plowing)

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth (earth, ground)

• विबभौ (vibabhau) - shone (shone, appeared splendid, became beautiful)

• चैत्यमालिनी (caityamālinī) - adorned with sacred mounds (caitya) (adorned with memorial mounds/shrines)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - when (he, the king) (in whom, when, in which)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

प्रशासति (praśāsati) - was ruling (ruling, governing, administrating)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of praśāsat

praśāsat - ruling, governing, administering

Present Active Participle

From the root 'śās' (to rule, govern) with the upasarga 'pra' (forth, intensely).

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

सताम् (satām) - among virtuous people (of the good, of the virtuous)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true

Present Participle

From the root 'as' (to be). Used as a noun meaning 'good person'.

Root: as (class 2)

नृपतौ (nṛpatau) - when the king (in the king, when the king)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men, monarch

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pati' (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - most excellent king (best among kings, excellent king)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best of kings, most excellent king

Compound of 'nṛpa' (king) and 'sattama' (best, most excellent, superlative of 'sat').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, virtuous).

Note: Agrees with `nṛpatau` implicitly through the locative absolute construction, indicating the quality of the king.

अकृष्टपच्या (akṛṣṭapacyā) - yielding crops without cultivation (ripening without cultivation, yielding crops without plowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of akṛṣṭapacyā

akṛṣṭapacyā - ripening without cultivation, yielding crops without plowing

Compound of 'akṛṣṭa' (unplowed, uncultivated) and 'pacyā' (ripening, to be cooked/ripened).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (akṛṣṭa+pacyā)

• akṛṣṭa – unplowed, uncultivated, not drawn
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (negative prefix)
  From 'a' (not) + 'kṛṣṭa' (plowed, Ppp. of 'kṛṣ').
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• pacyā – to be ripened, ripening, cooked
  adjective (feminine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root 'pac' (to cook, ripen).
  Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pṛthivī'.

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth (earth, ground)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land, world

विबभौ (vibabhau) - shone (shone, appeared splendid, became beautiful)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vibabhau

Perfect 3rd Person Singular

From the root 'bhā' (to shine) with the upasarga 'vi' (apart, extensively).

Prefix: vi

Root: bhā (class 2)

चैत्यमालिनी (caityamālinī) - adorned with sacred mounds (caitya) (adorned with memorial mounds/shrines)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of caityamālinī

caityamālinī - adorned with memorial mounds, having numerous sacred monuments

Compound of 'caitya' (sacred mound, shrine) and 'mālinī' (wearing a garland, adorned with).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (caitya+mālinī)

• caitya – sacred tree, shrine, memorial mound, monument
  noun (neuter)
• mālinī – wearing a garland, adorned with flowers/garlands, having a row of
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of 'mālin'.

Note: Agrees with 'pṛthivī'.