महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अव्याहरति कौन्तेये धर्मपुत्रे युधिष्ठिरे ।
गुडाकेशो हृषीकेशमभ्यभाषत पाण्डवः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
avyāharati kaunteye dharmaputre yudhiṣṭhire ,
guḍākeśo hṛṣīkeśamabhyabhāṣata pāṇḍavaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca avyāharati kaunteye dharma-putre
yudhiṣṭhire guḍākeśaḥ hṛṣīkeśam abhyabhāṣata pāṇḍavaḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca kaunteye dharma-putre yudhiṣṭhire
avyāharati guḍākeśaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ hṛṣīkeśam abhyabhāṣata

1. Vaishampayana said: While Yudhishthira, the son of Dharma (dharma) and Kunti's son, remained silent, Guḍākeśa (Arjuna), the Pandava, addressed Hrishikesha (Krishna).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अव्याहरति (avyāharati) - not speaking, not replying

• कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - in Yudhishthira (in Kunti's son)

• धर्म-पुत्रे (dharma-putre) - in Yudhishthira (in the son of Dharma)

• युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - in Yudhishthira

• गुडाकेशः (guḍākeśaḥ) - Arjuna, conqueror of sleep/ignorance (Guḍākeśa (Arjuna))

• हृषीकेशम् (hṛṣīkeśam) - to Hrishikesha (Krishna)

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (Pandava (son of Pandu))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (name of a sage, narrator of Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अव्याहरति (avyāharati) - not speaking, not replying

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyāhṛ

vyāhṛ - to speak, to utter

Present Participle (Locative Absolute)

Present active participle, locative singular, with negative prefix a-

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yudhiṣṭhire'.

कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - in Yudhishthira (in Kunti's son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Note: Agrees with 'yudhiṣṭhire'.

धर्म-पुत्रे (dharma-putre) - in Yudhishthira (in the son of Dharma)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma-putra

dharma-putra - son of natural law (dharma), son of righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature (dharma), righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'yudhiṣṭhire'.

युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - in Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

Note: Head of the locative absolute construction.

गुडाकेशः (guḍākeśaḥ) - Arjuna, conqueror of sleep/ignorance (Guḍākeśa (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guḍākeśa

guḍākeśa - Guḍākeśa (an epithet of Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of sleep' or 'thick-haired')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (guḍākā+īśa)

• guḍākā – sleep
  noun (feminine)
• īśa – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

हृषीकेशम् (hṛṣīkeśam) - to Hrishikesha (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hṛṣīkeśa

hṛṣīkeśa - Hrishikesha (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna, meaning 'lord of the senses')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛṣīka+īśa)

• hṛṣīka – sense organ
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣata'.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - addressed, spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Middle

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice, with prefixes abhi and ā

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (Pandava (son of Pandu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu

Note: Refers to Arjuna.