महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-117

ब्राह्मणेभ्यो ददौ निष्कान्सदसि प्रतते नृपः ।
तुभ्यं तुभ्यं निष्कमिति यत्राक्रोशन्ति वै द्विजाः ।
सहस्रं तुभ्यमित्युक्त्वा ब्राह्मणान्स्म प्रपद्यते ॥११७॥

117. brāhmaṇebhyo dadau niṣkānsadasi pratate nṛpaḥ ,
tubhyaṁ tubhyaṁ niṣkamiti yatrākrośanti vai dvijāḥ ,
sahasraṁ tubhyamityuktvā brāhmaṇānsma prapadyate.

117. brāhmaṇebhyaḥ dadau niṣkān sadasi pratate
nṛpaḥ tubhyam tubhyam niṣkam iti
yatra ākrośanti vai dvijāḥ sahasram
tubhyam iti uktvā brāhmaṇān sma prapadyate

117. pratate sadasi nṛpaḥ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ niṣkān dadau.
yatra vai dvijāḥ "tubhyam tubhyam niṣkam" iti ākrośanti.
"sahasram tubhyam" iti uktvā,
(saḥ) brāhmaṇān sma prapadyate.

117. In the grand assembly, the king gave gold coins (niṣka) to the Brahmins. There, the twice-born (dvijāḥ) would indeed exclaim, "To you, to you, a niṣka!" Having said, "A thousand to you!", he would approach the Brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave

• निष्कान् (niṣkān) - gold coins (niṣka) (gold coins, necklaces)

• सदसि (sadasi) - in the assembly, in the gathering

• प्रतते (pratate) - referring to the assembly (vast, extensive, spread out)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Rantideva (implied) (king)

• तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you

• तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you

• निष्कम् (niṣkam) - a gold coin (niṣka) (a gold coin, a necklace)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation (thus, in this way, marking quotation)

• यत्र (yatra) - in which assembly (where, in which (place/circumstance))

• आक्रोशन्ति (ākrośanti) - they (the dvijāḥ) would shout (they cry out, they shout)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins (dvijāḥ) (twice-born (Brahmins))

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (gold coins, niṣkas, implicitly) (a thousand)

• तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation (thus, in this way, marking quotation)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, after saying

• ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the Brahmins

• स्म (sma) - indicates repeated past action (with 'prapadyate') ((particle indicating past habit))

• प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - he (the king) would approach (the Brahmins) (he approaches, he attains, he takes refuge)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

ददौ (dadau) - he gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

निष्कान् (niṣkān) - gold coins (niṣka) (gold coins, necklaces)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of niṣka

niṣka - a gold coin, a gold necklace, a specific weight of gold

सदसि (sadasi) - in the assembly, in the gathering

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sadas

sadas - assembly, meeting, seat, gathering

Root: sad (class 1)

प्रतते (pratate) - referring to the assembly (vast, extensive, spread out)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pratata

pratata - stretched, extended, vast, wide

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tan' (to stretch) with prefix 'pra' (forth, forward).

Prefix: pra

Root: tan (class 8)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - Rantideva (implied) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun, 2nd person)

तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun, 2nd person)

Note: Repetition for emphasis.

निष्कम् (niṣkam) - a gold coin (niṣka) (a gold coin, a necklace)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niṣka

niṣka - a gold coin, a gold necklace, a specific weight of gold

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation (thus, in this way, marking quotation)

(indeclinable)

यत्र (yatra) - in which assembly (where, in which (place/circumstance))

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'yat'.

आक्रोशन्ति (ākrośanti) - they (the dvijāḥ) would shout (they cry out, they shout)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ā-kruś

Root with upasarga 'ā' (towards, fully, expressing intensity).

Prefix: ā

Root: kruś (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins (dvijāḥ) (twice-born (Brahmins))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth)

Compound: 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand (gold coins, niṣkas, implicitly) (a thousand)

(numeral)

Note: Acts as the object of an implied verb 'I give'.

तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun, 2nd person)

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation (thus, in this way, marking quotation)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, after saying

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'vac', which undergoes samprasāraṇa (v → u).

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - the Brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

Note: Object of 'prapadyate'.

स्म (sma) - indicates repeated past action (with 'prapadyate') ((particle indicating past habit))

(indeclinable)

प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - he (the king) would approach (the Brahmins) (he approaches, he attains, he takes refuge)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pra-pad

Root with upasarga 'pra' (forth, forward, intensifier).

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)