महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-116

महानदी चर्मराशेरुत्क्लेदात्सुस्रुवे यतः ।
ततश्चर्मण्वतीत्येवं विख्याता सा महानदी ॥११६॥

116. mahānadī carmarāśerutkledātsusruve yataḥ ,
tataścarmaṇvatītyevaṁ vikhyātā sā mahānadī.

116. mahānadī carmarāśeḥ utkledāt susruve yataḥ
tataḥ carmaṇvatī iti evam vikhyātā sā mahānadī

116. yataḥ carmarāśeḥ utkledāt mahānadī susruve,
tataḥ sā mahānadī carmaṇvatī iti evam vikhyātā.

116. From the overflowing moisture of a pile of hides, a great river originated. For this reason, that great river became famous as Carmaṇvatī.

Words meanings summery:

• महानदी (mahānadī) - great river

• चर्मराशेः (carmarāśeḥ) - from the heap of hides/skins

• उत्क्लेदात् (utkledāt) - from the moisture oozing from the hides (from the moisture, from the oozing, from the overflowing)

• सुस्रुवे (susruve) - flowed, originated, came forth

• यतः (yataḥ) - from which, whence, because of which

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from that

• चर्मण्वती (carmaṇvatī) - Carmaṇvatī (name of a river)

• इति (iti) - marks the preceding word as a name (thus, in this way, marking quotation)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way

• विख्याता (vikhyātā) - famous, well-known

• सा (sā) - refers to the great river (that (feminine))

• महानदी (mahānadī) - great river

Words meanings and morphology

महानदी (mahānadī) - great river

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahānadī

mahānadī - great river

Karmadhāraya compound: 'mahat' (great) + 'nadī' (river).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+nadī)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
  Its feminine form 'mahā' is often used in compounds, here the stem 'mahān' is formed before 'nadī'.
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

चर्मराशेः (carmarāśeḥ) - from the heap of hides/skins

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of carmarāśi

carmarāśi - pile of hides, heap of skins

Tatpuruṣa compound (genitive relation: heap *of* hides).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (carman+rāśi)

• carman – skin, hide, leather
  noun (neuter)
• rāśi – heap, pile, quantity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Also could be genitive singular, but ablative is more fitting with 'utkledāt'.

उत्क्लेदात् (utkledāt) - from the moisture oozing from the hides (from the moisture, from the oozing, from the overflowing)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of utkleda

utkleda - oozing, moisture, dampness, flowing out

Derived from root 'klid' (to be wet) with upasarga 'ud' (up, out).

Prefix: ud

Root: klid

सुस्रुवे (susruve) - flowed, originated, came forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect past (lit) of su-sru

Root with upasarga 'su' (well, easily, thoroughly).

Prefix: su

Root: sru (class 1)

यतः (yataḥ) - from which, whence, because of which

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of the relative pronoun 'yat', functioning adverbially.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad', functioning adverbially.

चर्मण्वती (carmaṇvatī) - Carmaṇvatī (name of a river)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of carmaṇvatī

carmaṇvatī - Carmaṇvatī (river name, literally 'having skins')

Feminine form of 'carmaṇvat' (possessing skin/hides).

इति (iti) - marks the preceding word as a name (thus, in this way, marking quotation)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way

(indeclinable)

विख्याता (vikhyātā) - famous, well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vikhyāta

vikhyāta - famous, renowned, well-known

Past Passive Participle

From root 'khyā' (to be known, to tell) with prefix 'vi' (apart, distinctly).

Prefix: vi

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'mahānadī'.

सा (sā) - refers to the great river (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

महानदी (mahānadī) - great river

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahānadī

mahānadī - great river

Karmadhāraya compound: 'mahat' (great) + 'nadī' (river).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+nadī)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
  Its feminine form 'mahā' is often used in compounds, here the stem 'mahān' is formed before 'nadī'.
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)