महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-103

स चेन्ममार सृञ्जय चतुर्भद्रतरस्त्वया ।
पुत्रात्पुण्यतरश्चैव मा पुत्रमनुतप्यथाः ॥१०३॥

103. sa cenmamāra sṛñjaya caturbhadratarastvayā ,
putrātpuṇyataraścaiva mā putramanutapyathāḥ.

103. saḥ cet mamāra sṛñjaya catur-bhadra-taraḥ tvayā
putrāt puṇyataraḥ ca eva mā putram anutapyathāḥ

103. sṛñjaya saḥ cet mamāra tvayā catur-bhadra-taraḥ
putrāt ca eva puṇyataraḥ mā putram anutapyathāḥ

103. O Sañjaya, if he died, he was four times more virtuous than you, and more meritorious than (your) son. Do not grieve for your son.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to a great deceased king previously mentioned) (he, that)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• ममार (mamāra) - he died

• सृञ्जय (sṛñjaya) - O Sañjaya

• चतुर्-भद्र-तरः (catur-bhadra-taraḥ) - four times more virtuous/excellent

• त्वया (tvayā) - than you (used here in a comparative sense, implying ablative) (by you, than you)

• पुत्रात् (putrāt) - than your son (from a son, than a son)

• पुण्यतरः (puṇyataraḥ) - more meritorious, more righteous

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• मा (mā) - (particle used with injunctive for prohibition) (do not)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - your son (son)

• अनुतप्यथाः (anutapyathāḥ) - do not grieve for (with `mā`) (you should grieve for, you should regret)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to a great deceased king previously mentioned) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

ममार (mamāra) - he died

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of mṛ

Perfect Active

Root mṛ + Perfect ending

Root: mṛ (class 6)

सृञ्जय (sṛñjaya) - O Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - name of a king

चतुर्-भद्र-तरः (catur-bhadra-taraḥ) - four times more virtuous/excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of catur-bhadra-tara

catur-bhadra-tara - four times more excellent/virtuous

Comparative suffix -tara added to the compound catur-bhadra.

Compound type : dvigu (catur+bhadra)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bhadra – auspicious, good, virtuous, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Comparative degree.

त्वया (tvayā) - than you (used here in a comparative sense, implying ablative) (by you, than you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Used for comparison, as if ablative, common in Epic Sanskrit.

पुत्रात् (putrāt) - than your son (from a son, than a son)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Used for comparison.

पुण्यतरः (puṇyataraḥ) - more meritorious, more righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyatara

puṇyatara - more meritorious, more righteous

Derived from puṇya with comparative suffix -tara.

Note: Comparative degree.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

मा (mā) - (particle used with injunctive for prohibition) (do not)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of prohibition.

पुत्रम् (putram) - your son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Object of 'anutapyathāḥ'.

अनुतप्यथाः (anutapyathāḥ) - do not grieve for (with `mā`) (you should grieve for, you should regret)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, injunctive (luṅ) of anutap

Injunctive Middle

Root tap with prefix anu- and middle voice injunctive ending.

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: `mā` + aorist/injunctive is used for prohibition.