महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-17

यः स्पर्धामनयच्छक्रं देवराजं शतक्रतुम् ।
शक्रप्रियैषी यं विद्वान्प्रत्याचष्ट बृहस्पतिः ।
संवर्तो याजयामास यं पीडार्थं बृहस्पतेः ॥१७॥

17. yaḥ spardhāmanayacchakraṁ devarājaṁ śatakratum ,
śakrapriyaiṣī yaṁ vidvānpratyācaṣṭa bṛhaspatiḥ ,
saṁvarto yājayāmāsa yaṁ pīḍārthaṁ bṛhaspateḥ.

17. yaḥ spardhām anayāt śakram devarājam
śatakratum śakra-priya-eṣī yam
vidvān pratyācaṣṭa bṛhaspatiḥ saṃvartaḥ
yājayāmāsa yam pīḍārtham bṛhaspateḥ

17. That (king Marutta) who brought Indra (Śakra), the king of gods, the performer of a hundred sacrifices, into rivalry. Bṛhaspati, desiring Śakra's favor, though knowing (the king's greatness), refused him. Then Saṃvarta made that (king Marutta) perform sacrifices, for the purpose of troubling Bṛhaspati.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - that (king Marutta) who (who, which, that)

• स्पर्धाम् (spardhām) - rivalry (rivalry, competition, emulation)

• अनयात् (anayāt) - brought (into) (brought, caused, led)

• शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

• देवराजम् (devarājam) - the king of gods (king of gods)

• शतक्रतुम् (śatakratum) - the performer of a hundred sacrifices (performer of a hundred sacrifices (epithet of Indra))

• शक्र-प्रिय-एषी (śakra-priya-eṣī) - desiring Śakra's favor (desiring Śakra's favor, wishing well for Indra)

• यम् (yam) - whom (Marutta) (whom)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - though knowing (the truth or his greatness) (knowing, learned, wise)

• प्रत्याचष्ट (pratyācaṣṭa) - refused him (rejected, refused, spoke against)

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods)

• संवर्तः (saṁvartaḥ) - Saṃvarta (a sage)

• याजयामास (yājayāmāsa) - made (him) perform sacrifices (caused to sacrifice, made to perform a sacrifice)

• यम् (yam) - whom (Marutta) (whom)

• पीडार्थम् (pīḍārtham) - for the purpose of troubling (for the purpose of tormenting/afflicting)

• बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - that (king Marutta) who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Refers to the king Marutta from the previous verse.

स्पर्धाम् (spardhām) - rivalry (rivalry, competition, emulation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of spardhā

spardhā - rivalry, competition, emulation, contention

From the root 'spardh' (to contend, rival).

Root: spardh (class 1)

अनयात् (anayāt) - brought (into) (brought, caused, led)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anī

Imperfect 3rd Person Singular

From the root 'nī' (to lead) with the upasarga 'a' (towards).

Prefix: a

Root: nī (class 1)

शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (name of the chief of the gods), powerful, mighty

देवराजम् (devarājam) - the king of gods (king of gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of gods (epithet of Indra)

Compound of 'deva' (god) and 'rāja' (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+rāja)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Śakra.

शतक्रतुम् (śatakratum) - the performer of a hundred sacrifices (performer of a hundred sacrifices (epithet of Indra))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatakratu

śatakratu - performer of a hundred sacrifices (an epithet of Indra)

Compound of 'śata' (hundred) and 'kratu' (sacrifice, power).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+kratu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral
• kratu – sacrifice, ritual, power, strength, wisdom
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Śakra.

शक्र-प्रिय-एषी (śakra-priya-eṣī) - desiring Śakra's favor (desiring Śakra's favor, wishing well for Indra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra-priya-eṣin

śakra-priya-eṣin - desiring the good of Śakra, wishing Śakra's favor, a partisan of Śakra

Compound of 'śakra' (Indra) + 'priya' (dear, favor) + 'eṣin' (desiring).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śakra+priya+eṣin)

• śakra – Indra
  proper noun (masculine)
• priya – dear, beloved, favorite, pleasant, favor
  adjective
• eṣin – seeking, desiring, wishing for
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root 'iṣ' (to seek, desire).
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Bṛhaspatiḥ.

यम् (yam) - whom (Marutta) (whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Refers to the king Marutta.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - though knowing (the truth or his greatness) (knowing, learned, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise, intelligent

Present Active Participle

From the root 'vid' (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Bṛhaspatiḥ.

प्रत्याचष्ट (pratyācaṣṭa) - refused him (rejected, refused, spoke against)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyācaṣṭa

Imperfect 3rd Person Singular Ātmanepada

From the root 'caṣ' (to speak) with upasargas 'prati' (against) and 'ā' (towards).

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: caṣ (class 2)

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods, deity of prayer and devotion)

संवर्तः (saṁvartaḥ) - Saṃvarta (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvarta

saṁvarta - Saṃvarta (name of a Vedic sage, brother of Bṛhaspati)

याजयामास (yājayāmāsa) - made (him) perform sacrifices (caused to sacrifice, made to perform a sacrifice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yājayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect 3rd Person Singular (Causative)

Causative of the root 'yaj' (to sacrifice) formed with 'āmāsa' from 'kṛ'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

यम् (yam) - whom (Marutta) (whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Refers to the king Marutta.

पीडार्थम् (pīḍārtham) - for the purpose of troubling (for the purpose of tormenting/afflicting)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīḍārtha

pīḍārtha - for the purpose of injury/affliction/torment

Compound of 'pīḍā' (distress, pain) and 'artha' (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pīḍā+artha)

• pīḍā – pain, distress, affliction, torment
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, aim, object, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can also function as an indeclinable 'for the sake of'.

बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods, deity of prayer and devotion)