महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-43

भरतस्य महत्कर्म सर्वराजसु पार्थिवाः ।
खं मर्त्या इव बाहुभ्यां नानुगन्तुमशक्नुवन् ॥४३॥

43. bharatasya mahatkarma sarvarājasu pārthivāḥ ,
khaṁ martyā iva bāhubhyāṁ nānugantumaśaknuvan.

43. bharatasya mahat karma sarvarājasu pārthivāḥ kham
martyāḥ iva bāhubhyām na anugantum aśaknuvan

43. pārthivāḥ bharatasya mahat karma sarvarājasu
martyāḥ bāhubhyām kham iva na anugantum aśaknuvan

43. O kings, mortals, just like they cannot grasp the sky with their arms, were unable to imitate Bharata's great deed (karma) among all kings.

Words meanings summery:

• भरतस्य (bharatasya) - of Bharata

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work, ritual action (karma)

• सर्वराजसु (sarvarājasu) - among all kings

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - O kings, O rulers of earth

• खम् (kham) - sky, space, ether

• मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals, human beings

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• बाहुभ्याम् (bāhubhyām) - with two arms

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुगन्तुम् (anugantum) - to follow, to imitate, to reach

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were not able

Words meanings and morphology

भरतस्य (bharatasya) - of Bharata

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (a proper name, literally 'sustainer')

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Present active participle of √mah 'to be great', used as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with karma.

कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work, ritual action (karma)

(noun)

neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions (karma)

Derived from √kṛ 'to do'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सर्वराजसु (sarvarājasu) - among all kings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarvarājan

sarvarājan - all kings

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+rājan)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - O kings, O rulers of earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - pertaining to the earth, earthly, a ruler of the earth, king

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

खम् (kham) - sky, space, ether

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - sky, space, ether, air, zero

मर्त्याः (martyāḥ) - mortals, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of martya

martya - mortal, human, subject to death

Derived from √mṛ 'to die'.

Root: mṛ (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

बाहुभ्याम् (bāhubhyām) - with two arms

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm, fore-arm

Note: Refers to both arms.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुगन्तुम् (anugantum) - to follow, to imitate, to reach

(verb)

infinitive of anugam

infinitive

Infinitive form of √gam with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were not able

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of śak

imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person plural, with augment 'a-' indicating past tense.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The 'na' preceding it makes it negative.