महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-131

पृथुं वैन्यं प्रजा दृष्ट्वा रक्ताः स्मेति यदब्रुवन् ।
ततो राजेति नामास्य अनुरागादजायत ॥१३१॥

131. pṛthuṁ vainyaṁ prajā dṛṣṭvā raktāḥ smeti yadabruvan ,
tato rājeti nāmāsya anurāgādajāyata.

131. pṛthum vainyam prajā dṛṣṭvā raktāḥ sma iti yat
abruvan tataḥ rājā iti nāma asya anurāgāt ajāyata

131. prajā pṛthum vainyam dṛṣṭvā (vayam) raktāḥ sma iti
yat abruvan tataḥ anurāgāt asya rājā iti nāma ajāyata

131. When the people saw Prithu, the son of Vena, and exclaimed, "We are devoted to him!", it was from this affection (anurāga) that the name 'Rajan' (king) was born for him.

Words meanings summery:

• पृथुम् (pṛthum) - King Prithu (Prithu)

• वैन्यम् (vainyam) - Prithu, the son of Vena (son of Vena)

• प्रजा (prajā) - the people/subjects (people, subjects, progeny)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• रक्ताः (raktāḥ) - devoted, attached (devoted, attached, dyed, red)

• स्म (sma) - used with present tense 'as' to denote past (an particle used with present tense verbs to denote past tense, indeed)

• इति (iti) - quotation marker (thus, so saying, quotation marker)

• यत् (yat) - because (because, that, which)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said (they spoke, they said)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that (reason) (then, from that, therefore)

• राजा (rājā) - the name 'Rajan' (king)

• इति (iti) - quotation marker (thus, so saying, quotation marker)

• नाम (nāma) - the name (name)

• अस्य (asya) - for him (Prithu) (of him, his, of this)

• अनुरागात् (anurāgāt) - from this affection (anurāga) (from affection, from attachment)

• अजायत (ajāyata) - was born, arose

Words meanings and morphology

पृथुम् (pṛthum) - King Prithu (Prithu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pṛthu

pṛthu - a proper name, meaning 'broad', 'great'

वैन्यम् (vainyam) - Prithu, the son of Vena (son of Vena)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vainya

vainya - son of Vena, relating to Vena

Taddhita derivation from Vena (Veṇa) + ṣyaÑ affix

Note: This word serves as an epithet for Prithu.

प्रजा (prajā) - the people/subjects (people, subjects, progeny)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the general populace or subjects of the king.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Gerund from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रक्ताः (raktāḥ) - devoted, attached (devoted, attached, dyed, red)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rakta

rakta - dyed, colored, red, attached, devoted, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root rañj

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'prajāḥ' (implied feminine plural subjects).

स्म (sma) - used with present tense 'as' to denote past (an particle used with present tense verbs to denote past tense, indeed)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - quotation marker (thus, so saying, quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - because (because, that, which)

(indeclinable)

Note: As an indeclinable, it introduces the reason/cause.

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they said (they spoke, they said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that (reason) (then, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - the name 'Rajan' (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: This is the nominative singular form of the n-stem 'rājan'.

इति (iti) - quotation marker (thus, so saying, quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - the name (name)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

अस्य (asya) - for him (Prithu) (of him, his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Refers to Prithu.

अनुरागात् (anurāgāt) - from this affection (anurāga) (from affection, from attachment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anurāga

anurāga - affection, attachment, love

Prefix: anu

Root: rañj (class 1)

अजायत (ajāyata) - was born, arose

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)