महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-49

प्राणिनो नाप्सु मज्जन्ति नानर्थे पावकोऽदहत् ।
न व्यालजं भयं चासीद्रामे राज्यं प्रशासति ॥४९॥

49. prāṇino nāpsu majjanti nānarthe pāvako'dahat ,
na vyālajaṁ bhayaṁ cāsīdrāme rājyaṁ praśāsati.

49. prāṇinaḥ na apsu majjanti na anarthe pāvakaḥ adahat
na vyālajam bhayam ca āsīt rāme rājyam praśāsati

49. rāme rājyam praśāsati,
prāṇinaḥ apsu na majjanti.
pāvakaḥ anarthe na adahat.
vyālajam bhayam ca na āsīt.

49. When Rama was ruling the kingdom, living beings did not drown in water, nor did fire burn without cause. And there was no fear arising from wild animals.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राणिनः (prāṇinaḥ) - living beings, creatures

• न (na) - not, no

• अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters

• मज्जन्ति (majjanti) - they drown, they sink

• न (na) - not, no

• अनर्थे (anarthe) - without cause (fire burning unnecessarily) (uselessly, without cause, in vain)

• पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire, purifier

• अदहत् (adahat) - burned, consumed

• न (na) - not, no

• व्यालजम् (vyālajam) - born from wild animals, caused by wild animals

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• च (ca) - and

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• रामे (rāme) - when Rama (was ruling, locative absolute) (in Rama, on Rama, when Rama (was))

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (locative absolute with 'praśāsati') (kingdom, sovereignty)

• प्रशासति (praśāsati) - while ruling (locative absolute construction) (ruling, governing, administrating)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राणिनः (prāṇinaḥ) - living beings, creatures

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṇin

prāṇin - living being, animate, creature

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

मज्जन्ति (majjanti) - they drown, they sink

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of majj

Root: majj (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनर्थे (anarthe) - without cause (fire burning unnecessarily) (uselessly, without cause, in vain)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, meaninglessness; (locative) uselessly, in vain, without cause

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (na+artha)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire, purifier

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, purifier; pure

अदहत् (adahat) - burned, consumed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dah

Root: dah (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

व्यालजम् (vyālajam) - born from wild animals, caused by wild animals

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyālaja

vyālaja - produced by a wild animal, arising from wild animals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyāla+ja)

• vyāla – wild animal, beast of prey, snake
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (neuter)
  Suffix meaning 'born from' or 'produced by'
  Root: jan (class 4)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

रामे (rāme) - when Rama (was ruling, locative absolute) (in Rama, on Rama, when Rama (was))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper noun, a celebrated king of Ayodhya)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (locative absolute with 'praśāsati') (kingdom, sovereignty)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

प्रशासति (praśāsati) - while ruling (locative absolute construction) (ruling, governing, administrating)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of praśāsat

praśāsat - ruling, governing, administrating (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root śās with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)