महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-121

स चेन्ममार सृञ्जय चतुर्भद्रतरस्त्वया ।
पुत्रात्पुण्यतरश्चैव मा पुत्रमनुतप्यथाः ॥१२१॥

121. sa cenmamāra sṛñjaya caturbhadratarastvayā ,
putrātpuṇyataraścaiva mā putramanutapyathāḥ.

121. sa cet mamāra sṛñjaya caturbhadrataraḥ tvayā
putrāt puṇyataraḥ ca eva mā putram anutapyathāḥ

121. sṛñjaya cet saḥ mamāra tvayā caturbhadrataraḥ
putrāt ca eva puṇyataraḥ mā putram anutapyathāḥ

121. O Sṛñjaya, if that person died, he was four times more fortunate than you, and indeed more meritorious than your son. Therefore, do not grieve for your son.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that person (referred to in a previous verse or discussion) (he, that)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• ममार (mamāra) - he died

• सृञ्जय (sṛñjaya) - O Sṛñjaya

• चतुर्भद्रतरः (caturbhadrataraḥ) - four times more fortunate/blessed

• त्वया (tvayā) - than you (ablative of comparison) (by you, than you)

• पुत्रात् (putrāt) - than your son (ablative of comparison) (from the son, than the son)

• पुण्यतरः (puṇyataraḥ) - more virtuous, more meritorious

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• मा (mā) - prohibitory particle (do not)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - your son (son)

• अनुतप्यथाः (anutapyathāḥ) - you (should) grieve (for your son) (you (should) grieve, you (should) repent)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that person (referred to in a previous verse or discussion) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to an implied subject.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle. Original form is `cid` which becomes `cet` before a voiced consonant.

Note: Original form is `cid`, undergoing sandhi.

ममार (mamāra) - he died

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of mṛ

3rd singular perfect active of √mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 6)

सृञ्जय (sṛñjaya) - O Sṛñjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - name of a king

चतुर्भद्रतरः (caturbhadrataraḥ) - four times more fortunate/blessed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturbhadratara

caturbhadratara - four times more auspicious, more fortunate

Comparative adjective, from caturbhadra (four times auspicious) + -tara (comparative suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+bhadra+tara)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bhadra – auspicious, fortunate, blessed, good
  adjective
• tara – more
  suffix
  Comparative suffix

त्वया (tvayā) - than you (ablative of comparison) (by you, than you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Instrumental case used to express comparison.

पुत्रात् (putrāt) - than your son (ablative of comparison) (from the son, than the son)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Used for comparison.

पुण्यतरः (puṇyataraḥ) - more virtuous, more meritorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyatara

puṇyatara - more virtuous, more meritorious

Comparative adjective from puṇya (virtuous, meritorious) + -tara (comparative suffix)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

मा (mā) - prohibitory particle (do not)

(indeclinable)

Prohibitory particle used with aorist/imperative

पुत्रम् (putram) - your son (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of `anutapyathāḥ`.

अनुतप्यथाः (anutapyathāḥ) - you (should) grieve (for your son) (you (should) grieve, you (should) repent)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of anutap

2nd singular aorist middle with prohibitory mā

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used with `mā` for prohibition.