महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-29, verse-12

अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
सृञ्जयं पुत्रशोकार्तं यथायं प्राह नारदः ॥१२॥

12. atraivodāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
sṛñjayaṁ putraśokārtaṁ yathāyaṁ prāha nāradaḥ.

12. atra eva udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
sṛñjayam putraśokārtam yathā ayam prāha nāradaḥ

12. atra eva imam purātanam itihāsam udāharanti
yathā ayam nāradaḥ putraśokārtam sṛñjayam prāha

12. Here, they relate this ancient historical narrative (itihāsa): how Nārada spoke to Sṛñjaya, who was tormented by grief for his son.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - in this context (of discussion) (here, in this place)

• एव (eva) - exactly, precisely (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they mention, they relate

• इमम् (imam) - this (referring to `itihāsam`) (this (masculine accusative singular))

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - this particular ancient story (historical account, legend, history (itihāsa))

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• सृञ्जयम् (sṛñjayam) - King Sṛñjaya (Sṛñjaya)

• पुत्रशोकार्तम् (putraśokārtam) - afflicted by grief for his son (afflicted by grief for a son)

• यथा (yathā) - how (Narada spoke) (as, just as, how)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to Nārada) (this (masculine nominative singular))

• प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (a divine sage)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - in this context (of discussion) (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - exactly, precisely (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they mention, they relate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of hṛ

Derived from root √hṛ with upasargas ut- and ā-.

Prefixes: ut+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (referring to `itihāsam`) (this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - this particular ancient story (historical account, legend, history (itihāsa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, tradition, historical narrative

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

Derived from purā (formerly).

Note: Qualifies `itihāsam`.

सृञ्जयम् (sṛñjayam) - King Sṛñjaya (Sṛñjaya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - Sṛñjaya (a king's name)

Note: The king to whom Nārada spoke.

पुत्रशोकार्तम् (putraśokārtam) - afflicted by grief for his son (afflicted by grief for a son)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraśokārta

putraśokārta - distressed by grief for a son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śoka+ārta)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ṛ (to go, to move) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `sṛñjayam`.

यथा (yathā) - how (Narada spoke) (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to Nārada) (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to Nārada.

प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect form of √brū or √ah, with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (a divine sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (name of a sage, son of Brahmā)

Note: The speaker.