महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-112, verse-89

तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम तव पुत्रस्य पौरुषम् ।
अयोधयत यत्पार्थं जुगोप च यतव्रतम् ॥८९॥

89. tatrādbhutamapaśyāma tava putrasya pauruṣam ,
ayodhayata yatpārthaṁ jugopa ca yatavratam.

89. tatra adbhutam apaśyāma tava putrasya pauruṣam
ayodhayata yat pārtham jugopa ca yatavratam

89. tatra tava putrasya adbhutam pauruṣam apaśyāma
yat pārtham ayodhayata ca yatavratam jugopa

89. There, we witnessed the astonishing prowess of your son. With this prowess, he battled Arjuna (Pārtha) and protected the one who was firm in his resolve.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that battle, at that time (there, then)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (wonderful, amazing, astonishing, strange)

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we witnessed (we saw, we beheld)

• तव (tava) - your (Dhritarashtra's) (your, of you)

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana/Duḥśāsana, etc.) (of the son, son's)

• पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - prowess, valor (manliness, valor, prowess, virility, human effort)

• अयोधयत (ayodhayata) - he battled (he fought, he caused to fight)

• यत् (yat) - by which (referring to 'pauruṣam'), or who (referring to 'putra') (which, what, because, since, that)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Pārtha) (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

• जुगोप (jugopa) - he protected (he protected, he guarded)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यतव्रतम् (yatavratam) - one who was firm in his resolve (referring to Duryodhana, or another Kuru warrior) (one who has undertaken a vow, steadfast in vows, disciplined)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that battle, at that time (there, then)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base 'tad' with suffix 'tral'.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (wonderful, amazing, astonishing, strange)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, amazing, astonishing, strange

From 'a' + 'bhū' (to be) + 'ta' (past participle suffix), meaning 'not having been before', hence 'unprecedented, wonderful'.

Prefix: a

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying pauruṣam.

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we witnessed (we saw, we beheld)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect active 1st plural

Root 'dṛś', changed to 'paśya' in present/imperfect stems. Prefix 'a' for imperfect tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तव (tava) - your (Dhritarashtra's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Genitive singular form of yuṣmad.

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of your son (Duryodhana/Duḥśāsana, etc.) (of the son, son's)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

पौरुषम् (pauruṣam) - prowess, valor (manliness, valor, prowess, virility, human effort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - manliness, valor, prowess, virility, human effort

Derived from 'puruṣa' (person) with suffix 'aṇ'.

अयोधयत (ayodhayata) - he battled (he fought, he caused to fight)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect active 3rd singular (causative stem)

Root 'yudh' (4th class), causative stem 'yodhaya'. Imperfect 'a' prefix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Used with 'yat' (relative pronoun) referring to 'pauruṣam' or the 'son'.

यत् (yat) - by which (referring to 'pauruṣam'), or who (referring to 'putra') (which, what, because, since, that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun, nominative/accusative singular neuter, or nominative singular masculine.

Note: In the translation 'With this prowess...', it functions adverbially, 'by which'.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Pārtha) (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Derived from 'Pṛthā' (Kuntī) with suffix 'aṇ'.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

जुगोप (jugopa) - he protected (he protected, he guarded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gup

Perfect active 3rd singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'gup'.

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: The subject is the 'son'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects the two actions of fighting and protecting.

यतव्रतम् (yatavratam) - one who was firm in his resolve (referring to Duryodhana, or another Kuru warrior) (one who has undertaken a vow, steadfast in vows, disciplined)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatavrata

yatavrata - one who has undertaken a vow, steadfast in vows, disciplined

Compound: 'yata' (controlled, restrained - past passive participle of yam) + 'vrata' (vow, religious observance).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yata+vrata)

• yata – controlled, restrained, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain, control) with suffix 'kta'.
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty, resolve
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the person being protected.