महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-112, verse-39

मद्रेश्वरश्च समरे धर्मपुत्रं महारथम् ।
पीडयामास संरब्धो भीष्महेतोः पराक्रमी ॥३९॥

39. madreśvaraśca samare dharmaputraṁ mahāratham ,
pīḍayāmāsa saṁrabdho bhīṣmahetoḥ parākramī.

39. madreśvaraḥ ca samare dharma-putram mahāratham
pīḍayāmāsa saṃrabdhaḥ bhīṣma-hetoḥ parākramī

39. ca parākramī madreśvaraḥ bhīṣma-hetoḥ saṃrabdhaḥ
samare mahāratham dharma-putram pīḍayāmāsa

39. And the valorous king of Madra, enraged on account of Bhīṣma, harassed Dharmaputra (son of Dharma), the great warrior, in the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्रेश्वरः (madreśvaraḥ) - lord of Madra, king of Madra

• च (ca) - and

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• धर्म-पुत्रम् (dharma-putram) - the son of Dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior, commander of a great chariot army

• पीडयामास (pīḍayāmāsa) - he oppressed, he harassed

• संरब्धः (saṁrabdhaḥ) - enraged, furious, agitated

• भीष्म-हेतोः (bhīṣma-hetoḥ) - for Bhīṣma's sake, on account of Bhīṣma

• पराक्रमी (parākramī) - powerful, valorous, heroic

Words meanings and morphology

मद्रेश्वरः (madreśvaraḥ) - lord of Madra, king of Madra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madreśvara

madreśvara - lord of Madra, king of Madra

Compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (madra+īśvara)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From īś (to rule) + varaC
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of pīḍayāmāsa

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects this action with previous one, or indicates 'also'

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, combat, war

From sam-√ṛ (to meet, clash)

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Denotes place of action

धर्म-पुत्रम् (dharma-putram) - the son of Dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma-putra

dharma-putra - son of Dharma; Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law; the deity Dharma
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of pīḍayāmāsa

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior, commander of a great chariot army

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, commander of a great chariot force; chief of generals

Compound

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (neuter)
  Strong stem of mahat
• ratha – chariot, car; warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root ram (to delight, here associated with ṛ to move)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Appositive to dharma-putram

पीडयामास (pīḍayāmāsa) - he oppressed, he harassed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of pīḍ

Periphrastic Perfect

Causative stem pīḍaya + āmāsa (perfect of as)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: The main verb of the sentence

संरब्धः (saṁrabdhaḥ) - enraged, furious, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃrabdha

saṁrabdha - enraged, furious, agitated, provoked

Past Passive Participle

From sam-√rabh (to seize, grasp, begin, become enraged) + kta suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the subject madreśvaraḥ

भीष्म-हेतोः (bhīṣma-hetoḥ) - for Bhīṣma's sake, on account of Bhīṣma

(noun)

masculine, singular of bhīṣma-hetu

bhīṣma-hetu - cause or reason related to Bhīṣma; on account of Bhīṣma

Compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhīṣma+hetu)

• bhīṣma – terrible, formidable; proper name (Bhīṣma)
  proper noun (masculine)
  From root bhī (to fear) + ṣma suffix
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)
  From root hi (to send, impel)
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Expresses the reason for Śalya's rage.

पराक्रमी (parākramī) - powerful, valorous, heroic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parākramin

parākramin - powerful, valorous, heroic, full of prowess

From parā-kram (to exert, show prowess) + inI suffix

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agreement with madreśvaraḥ