महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-112, verse-73

चेदिकाशिकरूषाणां सहस्राणि चतुर्दश ।
महारथाः समाख्याताः कुलपुत्रास्तनुत्यजः ॥७३॥

73. cedikāśikarūṣāṇāṁ sahasrāṇi caturdaśa ,
mahārathāḥ samākhyātāḥ kulaputrāstanutyajaḥ.

73. cedikāśikarūṣāṇām sahasrāṇi caturdaśa
mahārathāḥ samākhyātāḥ kulaputrāḥ tanutyajaḥ

73. cedikāśikarūṣāṇām kulaputrāḥ caturdaśa
sahasrāṇi mahārathāḥ tanutyajaḥ samākhyātāḥ

73. Fourteen thousand noble sons from the Cedi, Kāśī, and Karūṣa kingdoms, who were great warriors (mahārathas) and ready to sacrifice their lives, were thus designated.

Words meanings summery:

• चेदिकाशिकरूषाणाम् (cedikāśikarūṣāṇām) - of Cedi, Kāśī, and Karūṣa

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (mahārathas) (great warriors, great charioteers)

• समाख्याताः (samākhyātāḥ) - were designated (were declared, were called, were known)

• कुलपुत्राः (kulaputrāḥ) - noble sons (sons of good family, noble sons)

• तनुत्यजः (tanutyajaḥ) - ready to sacrifice their lives (abandoners of bodies, sacrificers of lives)

Words meanings and morphology

चेदिकाशिकरूषाणाम् (cedikāśikarūṣāṇām) - of Cedi, Kāśī, and Karūṣa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of cedikāśikarūṣa

cedikāśikarūṣa - Cedi, Kāśī, and Karūṣa (names of kingdoms/tribes)

Compound type : dvandva (cedi+kāśi+karūṣa)

• cedi – name of a kingdom/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• kāśi – name of a kingdom/city (Varanasi)
  proper noun (masculine)
• karūṣa – name of a kingdom/people
  proper noun (masculine)

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand, a thousand

Note: Also functions as accusative, but here it is part of the subject phrase.

चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen

(adjective)

Nominative, plural of caturdaśa

caturdaśa - fourteen

Note: Adjectival to 'sahasrāṇi'.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (mahārathas) (great warriors, great charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great charioteer, a hero who can fight alone against many warriors

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often one fighting from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

समाख्याताः (samākhyātāḥ) - were designated (were declared, were called, were known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samākhyāta

samākhyāta - declared, called, named, stated, famous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from sam-ā-khyā (to declare, to name)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: It is a participle, acting as a predicate.

कुलपुत्राः (kulaputrāḥ) - noble sons (sons of good family, noble sons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kulaputra

kulaputra - son of a noble family, a respectable person, a good son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+putra)

• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

तनुत्यजः (tanutyajaḥ) - ready to sacrifice their lives (abandoners of bodies, sacrificers of lives)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tanutyaj

tanutyaj - one who abandons their body, one who sacrifices their life

Derived from 'tanu' (body) + 'tyaj' (to abandon).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (tanu+tyaj)

• tanu – body, person
  noun (feminine)
• tyaj – abandoning, renouncing
  verbal noun
  nominal agentive suffix
  root verb 'tyaj' + agentive suffix 'ṇvin' or 'a'
  Root: tyaj (class 1)