महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-112, verse-57

अर्जुनस्तु रणे नागमायान्तं रजतोपमम् ।
विमलैरायसैस्तीक्ष्णैरविध्यत महारणे ॥५७॥

57. arjunastu raṇe nāgamāyāntaṁ rajatopamam ,
vimalairāyasaistīkṣṇairavidhyata mahāraṇe.

57. arjunaḥ tu raṇe nāgam āyāntam rajata-upamam
vimalaiḥ āyasaiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ avidhyata mahā-raṇe

57. arjunaḥ tu mahā-raṇe rajata-upamam āyāntam
nāgam tīkṣṇaiḥ vimalaiḥ āyasaiḥ avidhyata

57. In the great battle, Arjuna, however, pierced the approaching elephant, which resembled silver, with sharp, pure iron arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (a proper name)

• तु (tu) - however (indicating a contrast or emphasis) (but, however, indeed)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (in the context of battle) (elephant, snake, mountain)

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching (the elephant) (approaching, coming)

• रजत-उपमम् (rajata-upamam) - silver-like, resembling silver

• विमलैः (vimalaiḥ) - with pure, with clean, with spotless

• आयसैः (āyasaiḥ) - with iron arrows (implied) (with iron, made of iron)

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp, with keen

• अविध्यत (avidhyata) - he pierced, he struck

• महा-रणे (mahā-raṇe) - in the great battle

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of Pāṇḍava prince)

तु (tu) - however (indicating a contrast or emphasis) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

नागम् (nāgam) - elephant (in the context of battle) (elephant, snake, mountain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, mountain

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching (the elephant) (approaching, coming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

derived from root yā (to go) with prefix ā (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

रजत-उपमम् (rajata-upamam) - silver-like, resembling silver

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rajata-upama

rajata-upama - resembling silver, silver-like

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rajata+upama)

• rajata – silver
  noun (neuter)
• upama – resemblance, comparison, like
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adjective modifying nāgam

विमलैः (vimalaiḥ) - with pure, with clean, with spotless

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vimala

vimala - pure, clean, spotless, stainless

Note: Adjective for āyasaiḥ

आयसैः (āyasaiḥ) - with iron arrows (implied) (with iron, made of iron)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āyasa

āyasa - made of iron, iron

Note: Refers to arrows.

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp, with keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent

Note: Adjective for āyasaiḥ

अविध्यत (avidhyata) - he pierced, he struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidh

Imperfect

a (augment) + vidh (root) + ya (passive/4th class) + ta (ending)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Ātmanepada form.

महा-रणे (mahā-raṇe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahā-raṇa

mahā-raṇa - great battle

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)