महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-112, verse-54

प्रत्युद्ययौ च तं पार्थं भगदत्तः प्रतापवान् ।
त्रिधा भिन्नेन नागेन मदान्धेन महाबलः ॥५४॥

54. pratyudyayau ca taṁ pārthaṁ bhagadattaḥ pratāpavān ,
tridhā bhinnena nāgena madāndhena mahābalaḥ.

54. pratyudyayau ca tam pārtham bhagadattaḥ pratāpavān
tridhā bhinnena nāgena madāndhena mahābalaḥ

54. ca pratāpavān mahābalaḥ bhagadattaḥ tam pārtham
madāndhena tridhā bhinnena nāgena pratyudyayau

54. And the powerful and mighty Bhagadatta, with his elephant that was blinded by musth and whose ichor flowed from three streams, counter-attacked Arjuna (Pārtha).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - counter-attacked, went against, went forward to meet

• च (ca) - and, also

• तम् (tam) - that (Arjuna) (that, him)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Arjuna, son of Pritha)

• भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

• त्रिधा (tridhā) - from three streams (referring to the elephant's ichor) (in three ways, threefold)

• भिन्नेन (bhinnena) - by the one split, by the one whose ichor flowed

• नागेन (nāgena) - by the elephant (by the elephant, by the snake)

• मदान्धेन (madāndhena) - by the one blinded by musth/intoxication

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - of great strength, very powerful

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - counter-attacked, went against, went forward to meet

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prati-ut-i

perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular active, from root 'i' with prefixes 'prati' and 'ut'

Prefixes: prati+ut

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (Arjuna) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (Arjuna, son of Pritha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti) + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - Bhagadatta (name of a king)

Note: Subject of pratyudyayau.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, powerful, glorious, majestic

Derived from 'pratāpa' (power, valor) + 'matup' (possessive suffix)

Note: Modifies Bhagadatta.

त्रिधा (tridhā) - from three streams (referring to the elephant's ichor) (in three ways, threefold)

(indeclinable)

From 'tri' (three) + 'dhā' (suffix for division)

Note: Describes how the ichor was flowing.

भिन्नेन (bhinnena) - by the one split, by the one whose ichor flowed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhinna

bhinna - split, broken, divided, separate; flowing (of ichor)

past passive participle

Derived from root 'bhid' (to split, break)

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Modifies nāgena. In the context of elephants, 'bhinna' often refers to the ichor (madana) flowing from certain points.

नागेन (nāgena) - by the elephant (by the elephant, by the snake)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - snake, serpent; elephant; mountain

Note: Refers to Bhagadatta's elephant.

मदान्धेन (madāndhena) - by the one blinded by musth/intoxication

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of madāndha

madāndha - blinded by intoxication or musth (of an elephant)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mada+andha)

• mada – intoxication, musth, arrogance, passion
  noun (masculine)
• andha – blind
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies nāgena.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - of great strength, very powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Bhagadatta.