महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-112, verse-48

तामापतन्तीं सहसा हेमपट्टविभूषिताम् ।
शरैः पञ्चाशता द्रोणो वारयामास संयुगे ॥४८॥

48. tāmāpatantīṁ sahasā hemapaṭṭavibhūṣitām ,
śaraiḥ pañcāśatā droṇo vārayāmāsa saṁyuge.

48. tām āpatantīm sahasā hemapaṭṭavibhūṣitām
śaraiḥ pañcāśatā droṇaḥ vārayāmāsa saṃyuge

48. saṃyuge droṇaḥ sahasā pañcāśatā śaraiḥ
hemapaṭṭavibhūṣitām tām āpatantīm vārayāmāsa

48. In the engagement (saṃyuge), Droṇa quickly (sahasā) intercepted that mace, adorned with golden plates (hemapaṭṭavibhūṣitām), as it was rapidly descending, using fifty arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that mace (gadā) (that (feminine singular accusative))

• आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - the mace as it was falling (falling, descending, approaching)

• सहसा (sahasā) - quickly, suddenly, by force

• हेमपट्टविभूषिताम् (hemapaṭṭavibhūṣitām) - adorned with golden plates

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• पञ्चाशता (pañcāśatā) - by fifty

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - warded off, restrained, prevented

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in the engagement

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that mace (gadā) (that (feminine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of vārayāmāsa

आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - the mace as it was falling (falling, descending, approaching)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpatantī

āpatant - falling, descending, approaching

Present active participle

From prefix ā- + root pat (to fall) + śatṛ suffix (feminine form).

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Present participle describing the mace

सहसा (sahasā) - quickly, suddenly, by force

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of sahas used as an adverb.

हेमपट्टविभूषिताम् (hemapaṭṭavibhūṣitām) - adorned with golden plates

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hemapaṭṭavibhūṣitā

hemapaṭṭavibhūṣitā - adorned with golden plates, decorated with gold bands

Past Passive Participle

Formed from hemapaṭṭa + vibhūṣita (PPP of vi-bhūṣ).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa + Tatpuruṣa (hema+paṭṭa+vibhūṣitā)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• paṭṭa – plate, strip, band (of metal or cloth)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: paṭṭ (class 10)
• vibhūṣitā – adorned, decorated
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix vi- + root bhūṣ (to adorn) + kta suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Descriptive of the mace

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 1)

पञ्चाशता (pañcāśatā) - by fifty

(numeral)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher/warrior)

वारयामास (vārayāmāsa) - warded off, restrained, prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vārayāmāsa

Periphrastic perfect of vārayati (causative of vṛ). āmāsa is auxiliary.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Periphrastic perfect form

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in the engagement

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, engagement, fight

From sam-yuj (to join together).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Denotes place/time of action