महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-112, verse-131

श्वानः काकाश्च गृध्राश्च वृका गोमायुभिः सह ।
प्रणेदुर्भक्ष्यमासाद्य विकृताश्च मृगद्विजाः ॥१३१॥

131. śvānaḥ kākāśca gṛdhrāśca vṛkā gomāyubhiḥ saha ,
praṇedurbhakṣyamāsādya vikṛtāśca mṛgadvijāḥ.

131. śvānaḥ kākāḥ ca gṛdhrāḥ ca vṛkāḥ gomāyubhiḥ saha
praṇeduḥ bhakṣyam āsādya vikṛtāḥ ca mṛgadvijāḥ

131. śvānaḥ kākāḥ ca gṛdhrāḥ ca vṛkāḥ gomāyubhiḥ saha
ca vikṛtāḥ mṛgadvijāḥ bhakṣyam āsādya praṇeduḥ

131. Dogs, crows, vultures, wolves along with jackals, and also grotesque beasts and birds, shrieked upon finding their prey.

Words meanings summery:

• श्वानः (śvānaḥ) - dogs

• काकाः (kākāḥ) - crows

• च (ca) - and

• गृध्राः (gṛdhrāḥ) - vultures

• च (ca) - and

• वृकाः (vṛkāḥ) - wolves

• गोमायुभिः (gomāyubhiḥ) - by/with jackals

• सह (saha) - with, along with, together

• प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - roared, howled, shrieked, made a loud noise

• भक्ष्यम् (bhakṣyam) - food, prey, what is to be eaten

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having obtained, having reached, having found

• विकृताः (vikṛtāḥ) - distorted, hideous, grotesque, deformed

• च (ca) - and

• मृगद्विजाः (mṛgadvijāḥ) - beasts and birds (carnivorous)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वानः (śvānaḥ) - dogs

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śvan

śvan - dog

Irregular masculine noun declension.

Note: Subject of praṇeduḥ.

काकाः (kākāḥ) - crows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāka

kāka - crow

Root: kak (class 1)

Note: Subject of praṇeduḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

गृध्राः (gṛdhrāḥ) - vultures

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy

From root √gṛdh (to be greedy).

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Subject of praṇeduḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वृकाः (vṛkāḥ) - wolves

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛka

vṛka - wolf

Root: vṛk (class 1)

Note: Subject of praṇeduḥ.

गोमायुभिः (gomāyubhiḥ) - by/with jackals

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gomāyu

gomāyu - jackal

From go (cow) + māyu (bellowing), referring to their cry.

Note: Used with saha to indicate accompaniment.

सह (saha) - with, along with, together

(indeclinable)

Preposition / adverb.

प्रणेदुः (praṇeduḥ) - roared, howled, shrieked, made a loud noise

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of nad

perfect active third person plural

From root √nad (class 1, parasmaipada, "to sound, roar") with prefix pra-. Perfect tense, 3rd person plural. The initial 'n' of 'nad' becomes 'ṇ' due to 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

भक्ष्यम् (bhakṣyam) - food, prey, what is to be eaten

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhakṣya

bhakṣya - food, prey, eatable, what may be eaten

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root √bhakṣ (to eat).

Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having obtained, having reached, having found

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √sad (class 1, "to sit, go") with prefix ā-. Absolutive suffix -ya (after prefixes).

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating a preceding action.

विकृताः (vikṛtāḥ) - distorted, hideous, grotesque, deformed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vikṛta

vikṛta - changed, altered, deformed, hideous

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मृगद्विजाः (mṛgadvijāḥ) - beasts and birds (carnivorous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛgadvija

mṛgadvija - animals (deer, wild beasts) and birds (twice-born)

Dvandva compound. Mṛga (animals, especially wild ones) + dvija (birds, lit. twice-born).

Compound type : dvandva (mṛga+dvija)

• mṛga – wild animal, beast, deer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛg (class 1)
• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya); bird; tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Compound dvi (two) + ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)