महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-112, verse-38

युधिष्ठिरो महेष्वासो मद्रराजानमाहवे ।
महत्या सेनया गुप्तं पीडयामास संगतः ॥३८॥

38. yudhiṣṭhiro maheṣvāso madrarājānamāhave ,
mahatyā senayā guptaṁ pīḍayāmāsa saṁgataḥ.

38. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ mahā-iṣvāsaḥ madrarājānam āhave
mahatyā senayā guptam pīḍayāmāsa saṅgataḥ

38. mahā-iṣvāsaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ āhave saṅgataḥ
mahatyā senayā guptam madrarājānam pīḍayāmāsa

38. The great archer Yudhiṣṭhira, engaging in combat, oppressed the king of Madra, who was protected by a mighty army, in that very battle.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

• महा-इष्वासः (mahā-iṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, having a great bow

• मद्रराजानम् (madrarājānam) - the king of Madra

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle

• महत्या (mahatyā) - by a great, mighty

• सेनया (senayā) - by an army

• गुप्तम् (guptam) - protected, guarded

• पीडयामास (pīḍayāmāsa) - he oppressed, he harassed

• सङ्गतः (saṅgataḥ) - engaged (in battle) (having met, engaged, connected)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (firm in battle, proper name)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : Aluk-Tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative of yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of pīḍayāmāsa

महा-इष्वासः (mahā-iṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, having a great bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-iṣvāsa

mahā-iṣvāsa - great archer, possessing a great bow

Compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (neuter)
  Strong stem of mahat
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)
  iṣu (arrow) + āsa (throwing)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Appositive to yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

मद्रराजानम् (madrarājānam) - the king of Madra

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras (a people/country)

Compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of pīḍayāmāsa

आहवे (āhave) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, war

From ā-√hū (to invoke, call together, challenge to battle)

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Denotes place/time of action

महत्या (mahatyā) - by a great, mighty

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

From man (to think, measure) + at suffix

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agreement with senayā

सेनया (senayā) - by an army

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, military force

गुप्तम् (guptam) - protected, guarded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gupta

gupta - protected, guarded, hidden

Past Passive Participle

From root gup (to protect, hide) + kta suffix

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Agreement with madrarājānam

पीडयामास (pīḍayāmāsa) - he oppressed, he harassed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of pīḍ

Periphrastic Perfect

Causative stem pīḍaya + āmāsa (perfect of as)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: The main verb of the sentence

सङ्गतः (saṅgataḥ) - engaged (in battle) (having met, engaged, connected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgata

saṅgata - met, joined, assembled, engaged (in combat)

Past Passive Participle

From sam-√gam (to meet, come together) + kta suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yudhiṣṭhiraḥ