महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-92

स तैरभ्याहतो गाढं शरैर्भीमसुतेरितैः ।
चचाल रथमध्यस्थो वातोद्धूत इव द्रुमः ॥९२॥

92. sa tairabhyāhato gāḍhaṁ śarairbhīmasuteritaiḥ ,
cacāla rathamadhyastho vātoddhūta iva drumaḥ.

92. saḥ taiḥ abhyāhataḥ gāḍham śaraiḥ bhīma suta iritaiḥ
cacāla ratha madhya sthaḥ vāta uddhūtaḥ iva drumaḥ

92. saḥ ratha madhya sthaḥ bhīma suta iritaiḥ taiḥ śaraiḥ
gāḍham abhyāhataḥ vāta uddhūtaḥ drumaḥ iva cacāla

92. Severely struck by those arrows discharged by Ghaṭotkaca (the son of Bhīma), he (Aśvatthāmā), standing in the middle of his chariot, trembled like a tree shaken by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (he)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those arrows (by them)

• अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, hit

• गाढम् (gāḍham) - deeply, severely, firmly

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• भीम सुत इरितैः (bhīma suta iritaiḥ) - by those discharged by Ghaṭotkaca (by those discharged by the son of Bhīma)

• चचाल (cacāla) - trembled, swayed, moved

• रथ मध्य स्थः (ratha madhya sthaḥ) - standing in the middle of the chariot

• वात उद्धूतः (vāta uddhūtaḥ) - shaken by the wind

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - a tree

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Aśvatthāmā (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇi/Aśvatthāmā.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those arrows (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the arrows mentioned in the previous verse.

अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, hit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - struck, hit, assailed

Past Passive Participle

From root han ('to strike') with upasargas abhi-ā-.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

गाढम् (gāḍham) - deeply, severely, firmly

(indeclinable)

Neuter nominative/accusative singular form used as an adverb.

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying abhyāhataḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Redundant with 'taiḥ' but used for emphasis or clarity.

भीम सुत इरितैः (bhīma suta iritaiḥ) - by those discharged by Ghaṭotkaca (by those discharged by the son of Bhīma)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhīmasuterita

bhīmasuterita - discharged by the son of Bhīma

Tatpuruṣa compound: bhīmasuta (son of Bhīma) + irita (discharged). The whole compound then takes the instrumental plural ending.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bhīmasuta+irita)

• bhīmasuta – son of Bhīma
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound: Bhīma's son.
• irita – sent, discharged, uttered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root īr 'to set in motion, impel'.
  Root: īr (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'taiḥ' and 'śaraiḥ'.

चचाल (cacāla) - trembled, swayed, moved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of cal

Perfect, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Root cal (class 1, 'to move').

Root: cal (class 1)

रथ मध्य स्थः (ratha madhya sthaḥ) - standing in the middle of the chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathamadhyastha

rathamadhyastha - standing in the middle of a chariot

Tatpuruṣa compound: ratha (chariot) + madhya (middle) + stha (standing).

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+madhya+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective
  From root sthā 'to stand'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

वात उद्धूतः (vāta uddhūtaḥ) - shaken by the wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātoddhūta

vātoddhūta - shaken by the wind, tossed by the wind

Tatpuruṣa compound: vāta (wind) + uddhūta (shaken).

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (vāta+uddhūta)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• uddhūta – shaken, stirred, tossed up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhū ('to shake') with upasarga ud-.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Agrees with drumaḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - a tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Subject of the comparison.