महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-16

ततो गजसहस्रेण रथानामयुतेन च ।
दुर्योधनः सोमदत्तं परिवार्य व्यवस्थितः ॥१६॥

16. tato gajasahasreṇa rathānāmayutena ca ,
duryodhanaḥ somadattaṁ parivārya vyavasthitaḥ.

16. tataḥ gajasahasreṇa rathānām ayutena ca
duryodhanaḥ somadattam parivārya vyavasthitaḥ

16. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ somadattam parivārya
gajasahasreṇa ca rathānām ayutena vyavasthitaḥ

16. Then, Duryodhana, having surrounded Somadatta, stood positioned with a thousand elephants (gaja) and ten thousand chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

• गजसहस्रेण (gajasahasreṇa) - by a thousand elephants

• रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots

• अयुतेन (ayutena) - by ten thousand

• च (ca) - and

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• सोमदत्तम् (somadattam) - Somadatta

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

• व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - stood, was positioned, stationed

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

(indeclinable)

Ablative of 'tad' (that).

गजसहस्रेण (gajasahasreṇa) - by a thousand elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gajasahasra

gajasahasra - thousand elephants (gaja)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+sahasra)

• gaja – elephant (gaja)
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

रथानाम् (rathānām) - of chariots

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

अयुतेन (ayutena) - by ten thousand

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ayuta

ayuta - ten thousand, myriad

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

सोमदत्तम् (somadattam) - Somadatta

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of somadatta

somadatta - Somadatta (proper name)

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √vṛ (to cover, encompass) with prefix pari and causative 'vāraya'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - stood, was positioned, stationed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - stationed, positioned, stood, arranged

Past Passive Participle

From root √sthā (to stand) with prefixes vi and ava.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing Duryodhana.