महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-5

कथं प्रायोपविष्टाय पार्थेन छिन्नबाहवे ।
नृशंसं पतनीयं च तादृशं कृतवानसि ॥५॥

5. kathaṁ prāyopaviṣṭāya pārthena chinnabāhave ,
nṛśaṁsaṁ patanīyaṁ ca tādṛśaṁ kṛtavānasi.

5. katham prāyopaviṣṭāya pārthena chinnabāhave
nṛśaṃsam patanīyam ca tādṛśam kṛtavān asi

5. katham pārthena chinnabāhave prāyopaviṣṭāya
ca nṛśaṃsam patanīyam tādṛśam asi kṛtavān

5. How could you have committed such a cruel and disgraceful (pataniya) act against one who had resolved to fast unto death (prāyopaveśa) after his arms were cut off by Arjuna?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• प्रायोपविष्टाय (prāyopaviṣṭāya) - to one who has resolved to fast unto death (prāyopaveśa), to one who has sat down for a fast

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna, by the son of Pṛthā

• छिन्नबाहवे (chinnabāhave) - to one whose arms were cut off

• नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, wicked, atrocious (neuter accusative)

• पतनीयम् (patanīyam) - disgraceful, causing one to fall (from caste/honor), to be fallen

• च (ca) - and

• तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such, of that kind (neuter accusative)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - having done, one who has done

• असि (asi) - you are

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

प्रायोपविष्टाय (prāyopaviṣṭāya) - to one who has resolved to fast unto death (prāyopaveśa), to one who has sat down for a fast

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of prāyopaviṣṭa

prāyopaviṣṭa - one who has resolved to fast unto death; having sat down for a fast

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāya+upaviṣṭa)

• prāya – death by fasting, resolve to die, approach, commencement, almost
  noun (masculine)
• upaviṣṭa – seated, sat down, resting
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root viś (to enter) with upasarga upa
  Prefix: upa
  Root: viś (class 6)

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna, by the son of Pṛthā

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna; a king, a prince

छिन्नबाहवे (chinnabāhave) - to one whose arms were cut off

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of chinnabāhu

chinnabāhu - one whose arms are cut off, having severed arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+bāhu)

• chinna – cut, severed, broken, divided
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root chid (to cut) with suffix -na
  Root: chid (class 7)
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, wicked, atrocious (neuter accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, inhuman, atrocious, mischievous

पतनीयम् (patanīyam) - disgraceful, causing one to fall (from caste/honor), to be fallen

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of patanīya

patanīya - disgraceful, causing one to fall (from caste or honor), impure, condemnable, punishable

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root pat (to fall) with suffix -anīya

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such, of that kind (neuter accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind, similar to that

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - having done, one who has done

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, one who has done, performed

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -tavat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

2nd person singular active present of as

Root: as (class 2)