महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-19

रक्ष्यमाणश्च बलिभिश्छादयामास सात्यकिम् ।
तं छाद्यमानं विशिखैर्दृष्ट्वा संनतपर्वभिः ।
धृष्टद्युम्नोऽभ्ययात्क्रुद्धः प्रगृह्य महतीं चमूम् ॥१९॥

19. rakṣyamāṇaśca balibhiśchādayāmāsa sātyakim ,
taṁ chādyamānaṁ viśikhairdṛṣṭvā saṁnataparvabhiḥ ,
dhṛṣṭadyumno'bhyayātkruddhaḥ pragṛhya mahatīṁ camūm.

19. rakṣyamāṇaḥ ca balibhiḥ chādayāmāsa
sātyakim tam chādyamānam viśikhaiḥ dṛṣṭvā
sannataparvabhiḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ
abhyayāt kruddhaḥ pragṛhya mahatīm camūm

19. rakṣyamāṇaḥ ca balibhiḥ sātyakim
chādayāmāsa tam sannataparvabhiḥ viśikhaiḥ
chādyamānam dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ
kruddhaḥ mahatīm camūm pragṛhya abhyayāt

19. And being protected by mighty warriors, he (Somadatta) deluged Sātyaki (with arrows). Seeing him being covered by those well-jointed arrows, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, enraged, advanced, leading a large army.

Words meanings summery:

• रक्ष्यमाणः (rakṣyamāṇaḥ) - being protected, being guarded

• च (ca) - and, also

• बलिभिः (balibhiḥ) - by mighty warriors (by the strong ones, by the mighty)

• छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - he covered, he obscured, he deluged

• सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Sātyaki

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• छाद्यमानम् (chādyamānam) - being covered, being obscured

• विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सन्नतपर्वभिः (sannataparvabhiḥ) - by those well-jointed (arrows) (by those with bent joints, by well-jointed (arrows))

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he approached, he advanced

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having taken, having grasped, leading

• महतीम् (mahatīm) - great, large, mighty

• चमूम् (camūm) - army, forces

Words meanings and morphology

रक्ष्यमाणः (rakṣyamāṇaḥ) - being protected, being guarded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣyamāṇa

rakṣyamāṇa - being protected, being guarded

Present Passive Participle

Root `rakṣ` (class 1) + `yamāṇa` (passive participle suffix)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Somadatta (implied subject of chādayāmāsa)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

बलिभिः (balibhiḥ) - by mighty warriors (by the strong ones, by the mighty)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty, a strong person, warrior

Suffix -in added to 'bala'

छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - he covered, he obscured, he deluged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of chāday

Periphrastic Perfect 3rd singular Active Voice (Causative form)

Causative of root `chad` (class 10), then formed with `āmāsa` auxiliary.

Root: chad (class 10)

सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - name of a Yadava warrior, a son of Satyaka

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sātyaki.

छाद्यमानम् (chādyamānam) - being covered, being obscured

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of chādyamāna

chādyamāna - being covered, being concealed, being hidden

Present Passive Participle (Causative)

From causative form of root `chad` + `yamāṇa` suffix.

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Sātyaki).

विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viśikha

viśikha - arrow (literally, 'without a tuft' or 'without a crest')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+śikha)

• vi – without
  indeclinable
• śikha – tuft, crest, point
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root `dṛś` + suffix `tvā`

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सन्नतपर्वभिः (sannataparvabhiḥ) - by those well-jointed (arrows) (by those with bent joints, by well-jointed (arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sannataparvan

sannataparvan - having bent joints/knots (referring to arrows), well-jointed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sannata+parvan)

• sannata – bent, bowed, humble
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `nam` with prefix `sam`
  Prefix: sam
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – joint, knot, limb, section, shaft
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'viśikhaiḥ' (arrows).

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - name of a Pāṇḍava general, son of Drupada

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he approached, he advanced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect 3rd singular Active Voice

Root `i` (class 2) with prefixes `abhi` + `ā`. Implies motion towards.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root `krudh` + suffix `kta`

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having taken, having grasped, leading

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root `grah` with prefix `pra` + suffix `lyaP`

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

महतीम् (mahatīm) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Feminine form of 'mahat', modifying 'camūm'.

चमूम् (camūm) - army, forces

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host, forces