महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-78

उपस्थितैस्ततो युद्धे राक्षसैर्युद्धदुर्मदैः ।
विषण्णमभिसंप्रेक्ष्य पुत्रं ते द्रौणिरब्रवीत् ॥७८॥

78. upasthitaistato yuddhe rākṣasairyuddhadurmadaiḥ ,
viṣaṇṇamabhisaṁprekṣya putraṁ te drauṇirabravīt.

78. upasthitaiḥ tataḥ yuddhe rākṣasaiḥ yuddhadurmadaiḥ
viṣaṇṇam abhisaṃprekṣya putram te drauṇiḥ abravīt

78. tataḥ yuddhe upasthitaiḥ yuddhadurmadaiḥ rākṣasaiḥ
te putram viṣaṇṇam abhisaṃprekṣya drauṇiḥ abravīt

78. Then, as the battle-frenzied demons (rākṣasa) approached in the war, Droṇi (Aśvatthāman) observed your son to be dejected and spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• उपस्थितैः (upasthitaiḥ) - by those who have approached, by those present, by those standing near

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards, thence

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the demons, by the rākṣasas

• युद्धदुर्मदैः (yuddhadurmadaiḥ) - by those fierce in battle, by those intoxicated by war, by the battle-frenzied

• विषण्णम् (viṣaṇṇam) - dejected, sad, dispirited, despondent

• अभिसंप्रेक्ष्य (abhisaṁprekṣya) - having observed, having seen clearly, having looked at

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son, child

• ते (te) - your, to you

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇi, son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said, told

Words meanings and morphology

उपस्थितैः (upasthitaiḥ) - by those who have approached, by those present, by those standing near

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upasthita

upasthita - approached, present, near, standing by, ready

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √sthā with upasarga upa, meaning 'stood near' or 'present', used in a passive sense.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rākṣasaiḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards, thence

(indeclinable)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, conflict

Derived from the root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the demons, by the rākṣasas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a rākṣasa, a malevolent being, belonging to rākṣasas

युद्धदुर्मदैः (yuddhadurmadaiḥ) - by those fierce in battle, by those intoxicated by war, by the battle-frenzied

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - fierce in battle, intoxicated by war, battle-frenzied, arrogant in war

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – mad, intoxicated, arrogant, fierce, frenzied
  adjective
  Prefix: dur

Note: Qualifies 'rākṣasaiḥ'.

विषण्णम् (viṣaṇṇam) - dejected, sad, dispirited, despondent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, sad, dispirited, despondent, withered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √sad (to sink, despond) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putram'.

अभिसंप्रेक्ष्य (abhisaṁprekṣya) - having observed, having seen clearly, having looked at

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root √īkṣ (to see) with upasargas abhi, sam, and pra.

Prefixes: abhi+sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पुत्रम् (putram) - son, child

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

Note: Object of 'abhisaṃprekṣya'.

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, 'your son'.

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇi, son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman (a character in the Mahābhārata)

Patronymic derived from Droṇa.

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

3rd person singular active imperfect tense.

Root: brū (class 2)