महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-30

तमुद्यतमहाचापं निशाम्य व्यथिता नृपाः ।
युगान्तकालसमये दण्डहस्तमिवान्तकम् ॥३०॥

30. tamudyatamahācāpaṁ niśāmya vyathitā nṛpāḥ ,
yugāntakālasamaye daṇḍahastamivāntakam.

30. tam udyata mahācāpam niśāmya vyathitāḥ nṛpāḥ
yugāntakālasamaye daṇḍahastam iva antakam

30. nṛpāḥ tam udyata mahācāpam niśāmya
yugāntakālasamaye daṇḍahastam antakam iva vyathitāḥ

30. Seeing him with his great bow raised, the kings were distressed, like Death (Antaka) holding a staff at the time of the dissolution of the cosmic age (yugānta).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• उद्यत (udyata) - raised, uplifted, prepared

• महाचापम् (mahācāpam) - great bow

• निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having seen, observing

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, agitated, pained

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings

• युगान्तकालसमये (yugāntakālasamaye) - at the time of the dissolution of an age

• दण्डहस्तम् (daṇḍahastam) - with a staff in hand, holding a staff

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अन्तकम् (antakam) - Death, the god Yama

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उद्यत (udyata) - raised, uplifted, prepared

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udyata

udyata - raised, prepared, uplifted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain, hold) with upasarga 'ud' (up).

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mahācāpam'.

महाचापम् (mahācāpam) - great bow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahācāpa

mahācāpa - great bow

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+cāpa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• cāpa – bow
  noun (masculine)

निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having seen, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'śam' with upasarga 'ni' and suffix '-ya' for absolutives in compounds.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, agitated, pained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, pained, disturbed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vyath' (to be agitated) + -ita.

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpāḥ'.

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king (literally 'man-protector')

युगान्तकालसमये (yugāntakālasamaye) - at the time of the dissolution of an age

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yugāntakālasamaya

yugāntakālasamaya - time of the dissolution of an age

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yuga+anta+kāla+samaya)

• yuga – age, era, epoch
  noun (neuter)
• anta – end, dissolution
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)
• samaya – time, season, occasion
  noun (masculine)

दण्डहस्तम् (daṇḍahastam) - with a staff in hand, holding a staff

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍahasta

daṇḍahasta - having a staff in hand

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (daṇḍa+hasta)

• daṇḍa – staff, stick, rod
  noun (masculine)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'antakam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अन्तकम् (antakam) - Death, the god Yama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of antaka

antaka - Death, destroyer, Yama