महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-42

वेगेन महता गच्छद्विक्षिप्तं द्रौणिना शरैः ।
अभाग्यस्येव संकल्पस्तन्मोघं न्यपतद्भुवि ॥४२॥

42. vegena mahatā gacchadvikṣiptaṁ drauṇinā śaraiḥ ,
abhāgyasyeva saṁkalpastanmoghaṁ nyapatadbhuvi.

42. vegena mahatā gacchat vikṣiptam drauṇinā śaraiḥ
abhāgyasya iva saṅkalpaḥ tat mogham nyapatat bhuvi

42. tat vegena mahatā gacchat drauṇinā śaraiḥ vikṣiptam
abhāgyasya saṅkalpaḥ iva mogham bhuvi nyapatat

42. That [discus], moving with immense velocity, was shattered by Droṇi with his arrows. Just like the failed resolve of an unlucky person, it fell uselessly to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, by force, by velocity

• महता (mahatā) - by (or with) great, mighty, extensive

• गच्छत् (gacchat) - going, moving, proceeding

• विक्षिप्तम् (vikṣiptam) - scattered, thrown apart, dispersed, shattered

• द्रौणिना (drauṇinā) - by Aśvatthāman (by Droṇi, by the son of Droṇa)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows, by arrows

• अभाग्यस्य (abhāgyasya) - of the unlucky, of the unfortunate

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as, similar to

• सङ्कल्पः (saṅkalpaḥ) - resolve, intention, determination, vow

• तत् (tat) - that [discus, mentioned previously] (that, it)

• मोघम् (mogham) - fruitless, useless, vain, ineffectual

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - it fell down, it dropped

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

Words meanings and morphology

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, by force, by velocity

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, current

Derived from root `vij` (to move rapidly) or `vah` (to carry).

Root: vij (class 6)

महता (mahatā) - by (or with) great, mighty, extensive

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

गच्छत् (gacchat) - going, moving, proceeding

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving, proceeding (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tat' (that, referring to the discus).

विक्षिप्तम् (vikṣiptam) - scattered, thrown apart, dispersed, shattered

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vikṣipta

vikṣipta - scattered, thrown, hurled, dispelled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `kṣip` (to throw) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'tat' (that, referring to the discus).

द्रौणिना (drauṇinā) - by Aśvatthāman (by Droṇi, by the son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Patronymic from Droṇa.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows, by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

अभाग्यस्य (abhāgyasya) - of the unlucky, of the unfortunate

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of abhāgya

abhāgya - unlucky, unfortunate, miserable

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhāgya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• bhāgya – luck, fortune, destiny, prosperity
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `bhaj` (to obtain, possess).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Adjectival use describing a person.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as, similar to

(indeclinable)

सङ्कल्पः (saṅkalpaḥ) - resolve, intention, determination, vow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅkalpa

saṅkalpa - resolve, intention, determination, will, vow, plan

Derived from root `kḷp` (to arrange, prepare) with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: kḷp (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that [discus, mentioned previously] (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

मोघम् (mogham) - fruitless, useless, vain, ineffectual

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mogha

mogha - fruitless, useless, vain, ineffectual, futile

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - it fell down, it dropped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of nyapatat

Imperfect 3rd Singular

Root `pat` (to fall) with prefix `ni` (down, into).

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land, world