महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-3

पराङ्मुखाय दीनाय न्यस्तशस्त्राय याचते ।
क्षत्रधर्मरतः प्राज्ञः कथं नु प्रहरेद्रणे ॥३॥

3. parāṅmukhāya dīnāya nyastaśastrāya yācate ,
kṣatradharmarataḥ prājñaḥ kathaṁ nu praharedraṇe.

3. parāṅmukhāya dīnāya nyastaśastrāya yācate
kṣatradharmarataḥ prājñaḥ katham nu praharet raṇe

3. kṣatradharmarataḥ prājñaḥ katham nu raṇe
parāṅmukhāya dīnāya nyastaśastrāya yācate praharet

3. How indeed would a wise person, devoted to the warrior's code (kṣatradharma), strike in battle one who has turned away, is helpless, has laid down their weapons, and is pleading?

Words meanings summery:

• पराङ्मुखाय (parāṅmukhāya) - to one whose face is turned away, to one who has turned their back

• दीनाय (dīnāya) - to one who is helpless, pitiable, distressed

• न्यस्तशस्त्राय (nyastaśastrāya) - to one who has laid down their weapons

• याचते (yācate) - to one who is begging/pleading

• क्षत्रधर्मरतः (kṣatradharmarataḥ) - one who delights in the warrior's code (kṣatradharma), devoted to the duty of a kṣatriya

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - a wise person, discerning, intelligent

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• नु (nu) - indeed, surely (interrogative particle)

• प्रहरेत् (praharet) - would strike, should strike

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

पराङ्मुखाय (parāṅmukhāya) - to one whose face is turned away, to one who has turned their back

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having face averted, turned away, indifferent, hostile

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, backwards, west
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, opening
  noun (neuter)

दीनाय (dīnāya) - to one who is helpless, pitiable, distressed

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - helpless, miserable, distressed, pitiable, wretched, poor

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dī (to perish, to be worn out) with suffix -na

Root: dī (class 4)

न्यस्तशस्त्राय (nyastaśastrāya) - to one who has laid down their weapons

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of nyastaśastra

nyastaśastra - having laid down weapons, disarmed, one who has abandoned arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nyasta+śastra)

• nyasta – placed, laid down, thrown, put
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root as (to throw) with upasarga ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: as (class 2)
• śastra – weapon, arm, knife, instrument
  noun (neuter)

याचते (yācate) - to one who is begging/pleading

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of yācat

yācat - begging, pleading, asking, requesting, desiring

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root yāc (to beg) with present participle suffix

Root: yāc (class 1)

क्षत्रधर्मरतः (kṣatradharmarataḥ) - one who delights in the warrior's code (kṣatradharma), devoted to the duty of a kṣatriya

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharmarata

kṣatradharmarata - delighting in the warrior's code, devoted to the duty of a kṣatriya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatradharma+rata)

• kṣatradharma – warrior's code, duty of a kṣatriya, intrinsic nature of a warrior
  noun (masculine)
• rata – delighting in, engaged in, devoted to, attached to, fond of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ram (to delight) with suffix -ta
  Root: ram (class 1)

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - a wise person, discerning, intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, discerning, intelligent, learned person, clever

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, surely (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

प्रहरेत् (praharet) - would strike, should strike

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Potential/Optative (vidhi liṅ) of hṛ

Potential Mood

3rd person singular active potential of pra-hṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict, clamor