महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-131, verse-23

तं विमूढं समालक्ष्य सारथिस्त्वरयान्वितः ।
अपोवाह रणाद्वीरं सोमदत्तं महारथम् ॥२३॥

23. taṁ vimūḍhaṁ samālakṣya sārathistvarayānvitaḥ ,
apovāha raṇādvīraṁ somadattaṁ mahāratham.

23. taṃ vimūḍhaṃ samālakṣya sārathiḥ tvarayānvitaḥ
apovāha raṇāt vīraṃ somadattaṃ mahāratham

23. sārathiḥ tvarayānvitaḥ taṃ vimūḍhaṃ vīraṃ
somadattaṃ mahāratham samālakṣya raṇāt apovāha

23. Seeing him bewildered, the swift charioteer drove away the hero Somadatta, that great warrior (mahāratha), from the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तं (taṁ) - him (referring to Somadatta) (him, that)

• विमूढं (vimūḍhaṁ) - bewildered (due to fainting) (bewildered, confused, unconscious)

• समालक्ष्य (samālakṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

• त्वरयान्वितः (tvarayānvitaḥ) - endowed with speed, swift, quick

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - he drove away, he carried away

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from conflict

• वीरं (vīraṁ) - hero, warrior

• सोमदत्तं (somadattaṁ) - Somadatta

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior, maharatha (one who can fight 10,000 warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

तं (taṁ) - him (referring to Somadatta) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'samālakṣya'.

विमूढं (vimūḍhaṁ) - bewildered (due to fainting) (bewildered, confused, unconscious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vimūḍha

vimūḍha - bewildered, confused, deluded, unconscious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √muh (to be bewildered, faint) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'taṃ'.

समालक्ष्य (samālakṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from √lakṣ (to perceive, observe) with prefixes sam-ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Expresses prior action to 'apovāha'.

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Subject of 'apovāha'.

त्वरयान्वितः (tvarayānvitaḥ) - endowed with speed, swift, quick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarayānvita

tvarayānvita - endowed with speed, swift, quick, accompanied by haste

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvarā+anvita)

• tvarā – speed, haste, quickness
  noun (feminine)
• anvita – accompanied by, furnished with, joined with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √i (to go) with prefix anu-.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sārathiḥ'.

अपोवाह (apovāha) - he drove away, he carried away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of apa-vah

Imperfect active

Derived from √vah (to carry) with prefix apa-. Augmented form.

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Represents the main action.

रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from conflict

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Note: Denotes separation from battle.

वीरं (vīraṁ) - hero, warrior

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, valiant, powerful man, warrior

Note: Object of 'apovāha'.

सोमदत्तं (somadattaṁ) - Somadatta

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of somadatta

somadatta - given by Soma, name of a king/warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (soma+datta)

• soma – Soma (a divine drink, a deity, moon)
  noun (masculine)
• datta – given, granted, bestowed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'taṃ' and 'vīraṃ'.

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior, maharatha (one who can fight 10,000 warriors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who fights alone against many chariots, a 'mahā-ratha'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (by extension)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'taṃ', 'vīraṃ', 'somadattaṃ'.