महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-80, verse-59

उष्य द्वादशरात्रं तु नियतो नियताशनः ।
प्रदक्षिणमुपावृत्तो जम्बूमार्गं समाविशेत् ॥५९॥

59. uṣya dvādaśarātraṁ tu niyato niyatāśanaḥ ,
pradakṣiṇamupāvṛtto jambūmārgaṁ samāviśet.

59. uṣya dvādaśarātram tu niyataḥ niyatāśanaḥ
pradakṣiṇam upāvṛttaḥ jambūmārgam samāviśet

59. Having indeed stayed for twelve nights, disciplined and having regulated one's eating, and having circumambulated (the sacred site) clockwise, one should then enter the Jambu path.

Words meanings summery:

• उष्य (uṣya) - having stayed, having resided

• द्वादशरात्रम् (dvādaśarātram) - for twelve nights, a period of twelve nights

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - restrained, disciplined, controlled

• नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - one who has regulated eating, abstemious

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise, circumambulation

• उपावृत्तः (upāvṛttaḥ) - having returned, having turned towards

• जम्बूमार्गम् (jambūmārgam) - the Jambu path/road

• समाविशेत् (samāviśet) - should enter, should resort to, should take refuge in

Words meanings and morphology

उष्य (uṣya) - having stayed, having resided

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

root vas + lyap/ktvā (irregular form)

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Absolutive indicating a completed prior action.

द्वादशरात्रम् (dvādaśarātram) - for twelve nights, a period of twelve nights

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvādaśarātra

dvādaśarātra - a period of twelve nights

Compound type : dvigu (dvādaśa+rātra)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial accusative of duration.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

नियतः (niyataḥ) - restrained, disciplined, controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, regulated, disciplined, fixed

Past Passive Participle

from root yam with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - one who has regulated eating, abstemious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatāśana

niyatāśana - one whose eating is regulated, abstemious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+aśana)

• niyata – restrained, regulated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yam with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise, circumambulation

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially for the act of circumambulation.

उपावृत्तः (upāvṛttaḥ) - having returned, having turned towards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāvṛtta

upāvṛtta - returned, come back, turned towards

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛt with prefixes upa and ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, acting as a secondary predicate.

जम्बूमार्गम् (jambūmārgam) - the Jambu path/road

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jambūmārga

jambūmārga - the Jambu path (a mythical or sacred path, possibly leading to Jambudvīpa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jambū+mārga)

• jambū – rose-apple tree, Jambudvīpa
  noun (feminine)
• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of samāviśet.

समाविशेत् (samāviśet) - should enter, should resort to, should take refuge in

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sam-ā-viś

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: viś (class 6)