महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-80, verse-50

शाकमूलफलैर्वापि येन वर्तयते स्वयम् ।
तद्वै दद्याद्ब्राह्मणाय श्रद्धावाननसूयकः ।
तेनैव प्राप्नुयात्प्राज्ञो हयमेधफलं नरः ॥५०॥

50. śākamūlaphalairvāpi yena vartayate svayam ,
tadvai dadyādbrāhmaṇāya śraddhāvānanasūyakaḥ ,
tenaiva prāpnuyātprājño hayamedhaphalaṁ naraḥ.

50. śākamūlaphalaiḥ vā api yena vartayate
svayam tat vai dadyāt brāhmaṇāya
śraddhāvān anasūyakaḥ tena eva
prāpnuyāt prājñaḥ hayamedhaphalam naraḥ

50. yena svayam śākamūlaphalaiḥ vā api vartayate,
śraddhāvān anasūyakaḥ naraḥ tat vai brāhmaṇāya dadyāt.
tena eva prājñaḥ hayamedhaphalam prāpnuyāt.

50. A person who sustains themselves even with vegetables, roots, and fruits, should offer that very food to a Brahmin with faith (śraddhā) and without envy. By this act, a wise individual will certainly attain the reward of the Hayamedha (Vedic ritual).

Words meanings summery:

• शाकमूलफलैः (śākamūlaphalaiḥ) - by vegetables, roots, and fruits

• वा (vā) - or, alternatively

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• वर्तयते (vartayate) - sustains oneself, lives, exists

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, spontaneously

• तत् (tat) - that, that which

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give

• ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a Brahmin

• श्रद्धावान् (śraddhāvān) - faithful, full of faith

• अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - not envious, free from malice, benevolent

• तेन (tena) - by that act (of giving) (by that, by it)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - should obtain, would attain

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise, intelligent person

• हयमेधफलम् (hayamedhaphalam) - the reward of the Hayamedha (Vedic ritual) (the fruit/result of a horse sacrifice)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a person, man

Words meanings and morphology

शाकमूलफलैः (śākamūlaphalaiḥ) - by vegetables, roots, and fruits

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śākamūlaphala

śākamūlaphala - vegetables, roots, and fruits

Compound type : dvandva (śāka+mūla+phala)

• śāka – vegetable, herb
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)

वा (vā) - or, alternatively

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Relative pronoun, masculine singular instrumental.

वर्तयते (vartayate) - sustains oneself, lives, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛt

root vṛt, ātmanepada

Root: vṛt (class 1)

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial form of 'sva' (self).

तत् (tat) - that, that which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative or accusative. Here, accusative, referring to the food.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - should give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

root dā, parasmaipada, reduplicated form in optative

Root: dā (class 3)

ब्राह्मणाय (brāhmaṇāya) - to a Brahmin

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, relating to Brahman

from brahman (Veda/sacred word/Brahmin class)

श्रद्धावान् (śraddhāvān) - faithful, full of faith

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śraddhāvat

śraddhāvat - having faith (śraddhā), believing, trusting

possessive suffix -vat

Note: Refers to 'naraḥ' (person).

अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - not envious, free from malice, benevolent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anasūyaka

anasūyaka - not envious, not censorious, benevolent

negation (a) + asūyaka (envious)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+asūyaka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• asūyaka – envious, censorious, malicious
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root sūy (to vex, envy) with prefix a-
  Prefix: a
  Root: sūy (class 10)

Note: Refers to 'naraḥ' (person).

तेन (tena) - by that act (of giving) (by that, by it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular instrumental.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - should obtain, would attain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāp

root āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: From pra- + āp.

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise, intelligent person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, intelligent, knowing

from pra + jñā (to know)

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to 'naraḥ' (person).

हयमेधफलम् (hayamedhaphalam) - the reward of the Hayamedha (Vedic ritual) (the fruit/result of a horse sacrifice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hayamedhaphala

hayamedhaphala - result of a horse sacrifice

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (hayamedha+phala)

• hayamedha – horse sacrifice (Vedic ritual)
  noun (masculine)
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)

नरः (naraḥ) - a person, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male

Note: Subject of the sentence.