महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-80, verse-11

नारद उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्नवहितो यथा भीष्मेण भारत ।
पुलस्त्यस्य सकाशाद्वै सर्वमेतदुपश्रुतम् ॥११॥

11. nārada uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājannavahito yathā bhīṣmeṇa bhārata ,
pulastyasya sakāśādvai sarvametadupaśrutam.

11. nāradaḥ uvāca śṛṇu rājan avahitaḥ yathā bhīṣmeṇa
bhārata pulastyasya sakāśāt vai sarvam etat upaśrutam

11. Nārada said: 'O King (rājan), listen attentively, O descendant of Bharata, how all this was indeed heard by Bhīṣma from Pulastya.'

Words meanings summery:

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - The sage Nārada (Nārada (a divine sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! (listen!, hear!)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king!)

• अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentively (used adverbially with `śṛṇu`) (attentive, careful, concentrated)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how, in which way)

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhīṣma

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata!)

• पुलस्त्यस्य (pulastyasya) - of Pulastya

• सकाशात् (sakāśāt) - from (the presence of) (from the presence of, from, near, from the vicinity of)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, surely, certainly)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all this, everything (all, every, whole)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the discourse) (this, that)

• उपश्रुतम् (upaśrutam) - heard (heard, listened to, learnt)

Words meanings and morphology

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - The sage Nārada (Nārada (a divine sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (name of a divine sage)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person, singular, perfect tense, active voice. Root `vac` takes augment `u` and reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! (listen!, hear!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative active

2nd person, singular, imperative mood, active voice.

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentively (used adverbially with `śṛṇu`) (attentive, careful, concentrated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avahita

avahita - attentive, careful, concentrated, fixed, contained

Past Passive Participle

From root `dhā` (to place) with prefix `ava-` and kta suffix.

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Grammatically nominative masculine singular, referring to the listener, but contextually functions adverbially, meaning 'being attentive.'

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how, in which way)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru warrior, son of Gaṅgā and Śantanu)

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'was heard by Bhīṣma'.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Pertaining to Bharata, used as a patronymic.

पुलस्त्यस्य (pulastyasya) - of Pulastya

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pulastya

pulastya - Pulastya (name of a great sage, one of the ten mind-born sons of Brahmā)

Note: Possessive, governing `sakāśāt`.

सकाशात् (sakāśāt) - from (the presence of) (from the presence of, from, near, from the vicinity of)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sakāśa

sakāśa - presence, vicinity, proximity

From `sa` (with) + `kāśa` (appearance, sight).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sa+kāśa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• kāśa – appearance, light, manifestation
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kāś` (to shine).
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Indicates the source of hearing.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, surely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Vedic particle.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all this, everything (all, every, whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Universal pronoun.

Note: Object of `upaśrutam`.

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the discourse) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

उपश्रुतम् (upaśrutam) - heard (heard, listened to, learnt)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upaśruta

upaśruta - heard, listened to, learnt

Past Passive Participle

From root `śru` (to hear) with prefix `upa-` and kta suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as the predicate in a passive construction with `sarvam etat` as the subject.