महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-80, verse-121

सरस्वत्यां महाराज अनु संवत्सरं हि ते ।
स्नायन्ते भरतश्रेष्ठ वृत्तां वै कार्त्तिकीं सदा ॥१२१॥

121. sarasvatyāṁ mahārāja anu saṁvatsaraṁ hi te ,
snāyante bharataśreṣṭha vṛttāṁ vai kārttikīṁ sadā.

121. sarasvatyām mahārāja anu saṃvatsaram hi te
snāyante bharataśreṣṭha vṛttām vai kārttikīm sadā

121. O great king, O best among the Bharatas, indeed, people always bathe in the Sarasvatī river every year once the month of Kārttika (kārttikī) has passed.

Words meanings summery:

• सरस्वत्याम् (sarasvatyām) - in the Sarasvatī river (in/on the Sarasvatī)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• अनु (anu) - in succession, annually (after, along, according to)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - every year, annually (year, annually)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, surely)

• ते (te) - they (people) (they, those)

• स्नायन्ते (snāyante) - people bathe (they bathe)

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

• वृत्ताम् (vṛttām) - completed (referring to the month) (passed, completed, happened)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, verily)

• कार्त्तिकीम् (kārttikīm) - the month Kārttika (relating to Kārttika, the month Kārttika)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

Words meanings and morphology

सरस्वत्याम् (sarasvatyām) - in the Sarasvatī river (in/on the Sarasvatī)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - Sarasvatī (river goddess, river name)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

अनु (anu) - in succession, annually (after, along, according to)

(indeclinable)

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - every year, annually (year, annually)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Prefix: sam

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially here.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they (people) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्नायन्ते (snāyante) - people bathe (they bathe)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of snā

Root: snā (class 2)

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, an ancient king; an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śrā (class 1)

वृत्ताम् (vṛttām) - completed (referring to the month) (passed, completed, happened)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - past, completed, happened, behaved

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Kārttikīm

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

कार्त्तिकीम् (kārttikīm) - the month Kārttika (relating to Kārttika, the month Kārttika)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kārttikī

kārttikī - the full moon day of Kārttika; the month Kārttika

Derived from Kṛttikā (Pleiades), associated with the full moon of Kārttika

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)