महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-80, verse-20

एवमुक्त्वा महाराज भीष्मो धर्मभृतां वरः ।
वाग्यतः प्राञ्जलिर्भूत्वा तूष्णीमासीद्युधिष्ठिर ॥२०॥

20. evamuktvā mahārāja bhīṣmo dharmabhṛtāṁ varaḥ ,
vāgyataḥ prāñjalirbhūtvā tūṣṇīmāsīdyudhiṣṭhira.

20. evam uktvā mahārāja bhīṣmaḥ dharmabhṛtām varaḥ
vāgyataḥ prāñjaliḥ bhūtvā tūṣṇīm āsīt yudhiṣṭhira

20. Having spoken thus, O great king (Maharaja), Bhishma, the best among the upholders of natural law (dharma), became silent, remaining with his speech restrained and hands folded, O Yudhishthira.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (as described in the previous verse) (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (the words in the previous verse) (having spoken, having said)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhritarashtra) (great king, O great king)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of natural law (dharma)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (among the upholders of dharma) (best, excellent, foremost)

• वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - with his speech restrained (restrained in speech, silent)

• प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (with folded hands (in respect))

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having remained (in that state) (having become, having been)

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently (silently, quietly)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he remained (silent) (he was, he sat, he remained)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (addressing the listener) (O Yudhishthira)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (as described in the previous verse) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative adverb

Note: Refers to the speech in the previous verse

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (the words in the previous verse) (having spoken, having said)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root vac (to speak) with ktvā suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhritarashtra) (great king, O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound: mahat + rājan

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of natural law, supporter of righteousness

Compound: dharma + bhṛt (from root bhṛ, to bear/uphold)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• bhṛt – bearing, upholding, supporting
  adjective
  Agent noun from root bhṛ (to bear)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (among the upholders of dharma) (best, excellent, foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - excellent, best, choicest, boon

From root vṛ (to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Often used with genitive to mean 'best of'

वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - with his speech restrained (restrained in speech, silent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāgyata

vāgyata - restrained in speech, silent, ascetic

Compound: vāc + yata (speech controlled)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāc+yata)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac
• yata – controlled, restrained, self-controlled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to control, restrain)
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma

प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (with folded hands (in respect))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - with folded hands, respectful salutation

Compound: pra + añjali (prefix pra + folded hands)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forward, forth, intense
  indeclinable
  Prepositional prefix
• añjali – folded hands, cupped hands (for offering)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having remained (in that state) (having become, having been)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root bhū (to be, become) with ktvā suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently (silently, quietly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

आसीत् (āsīt) - he remained (silent) (he was, he sat, he remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of ās

From root ās (to sit)

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Often used for 'remained' in a certain state

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (addressing the listener) (O Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'firm in battle')

Compound: yudhi + sthira (firm in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  The i in yudhi is a locative ending that is retained in the compound (aluk)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The narrator is addressing Yudhishthira