महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-96

चतुर्विंशे तु दिवसे यः प्राशेदेकभोजनम् ।
सदा द्वादश मासान्वै जुह्वानो जातवेदसम् ॥९६॥

96. caturviṁśe tu divase yaḥ prāśedekabhojanam ,
sadā dvādaśa māsānvai juhvāno jātavedasam.

96. caturviṃśe tu divase yaḥ prāśet ekabhojanam
sadā dvādaśa māsān vai juhvānaḥ jātavedasam

96. yaḥ caturviṃśe divase ekabhojanam prāśet,
sadā dvādaśa māsān vai jātavedasam juhvānaḥ (bhavati)

96. One who, on the twenty-fourth day, eats only a single meal, and does so for twelve months, indeed always offering oblations to the fire god (jātavedas)...

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्विंशे (caturviṁśe) - on the twenty-fourth

• तु (tu) - emphasizes the connection or statement (but, indeed, yet, however)

• दिवसे (divase) - on the specific twenty-fourth day (on the day)

• यः (yaḥ) - the person who performs the action (who, whoever)

• प्राशेत् (prāśet) - one eats (as a regular practice or observance) (should eat, eats)

• एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal (as a dietary practice) (a single meal, one meal)

• सदा (sadā) - consistently for the specified duration (always, ever, constantly)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• मासान् (māsān) - for the duration of twelve months (months)

• वै (vai) - emphasizes the consistency of the action (indeed, certainly, verily)

• जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - performing a ritual involving offerings into the fire (offering oblations, sacrificing, performing a Vedic fire ritual)

• जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - to the sacrificial fire (to Agni, to the fire god)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्विंशे (caturviṁśe) - on the twenty-fourth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of caturviṃśa

caturviṁśa - twenty-fourth

Ordinal numeral

Compound type : dvandva (catur+viṃśati)

• catur – four
  numeral
• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'divase'.

तु (tu) - emphasizes the connection or statement (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

दिवसे (divase) - on the specific twenty-fourth day (on the day)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

From root 'div' (to shine, day).

Root: div

यः (yaḥ) - the person who performs the action (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

प्राशेत् (prāśet) - one eats (as a regular practice or observance) (should eat, eats)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of aś

Optative mood

From root 'aś' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: The 't' in 'prāśet' comes from the active ending for 3rd person singular in optative ('-et').

एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal (as a dietary practice) (a single meal, one meal)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekabhojana

ekabhojana - a single meal

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhojana)

• eka – one, single
  numeral/adjective
• bhojana – food, meal, eating
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'bhuj' (to eat, enjoy).
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Object of the verb 'prāśet'.

सदा (sadā) - consistently for the specified duration (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

From 'sa' (with) + 'dā' (time suffix). Adverb of time.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• daśan – ten
  numeral

Note: Modifies 'māsān'.

मासान् (māsān) - for the duration of twelve months (months)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Root: mās

Note: Accusative of duration.

वै (vai) - emphasizes the consistency of the action (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle, common in Vedic texts.

जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - performing a ritual involving offerings into the fire (offering oblations, sacrificing, performing a Vedic fire ritual)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of juhvāna

juhvāna - offering oblations, sacrificing, performing a Vedic fire ritual (homa)

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

From root 'hu' (to offer, sacrifice), 3rd class, reduplicated, middle voice.

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Attribute of the implicit subject ('yaḥ').

जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - to the sacrificial fire (to Agni, to the fire god)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jātavedas

jātavedas - Agni (fire god), 'knower of all born things' or 'whose wealth is born beings'

Compound: 'jāta' (born) + 'vedas' (knowledge/wealth).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jāta+vedas)

• jāta – born, produced, created
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• vedas – knowledge, wealth, property
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vid' (to know, find).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'juhvānaḥ'.