महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-103

षड्विंशे दिवसे यस्तु प्राश्नीयादेकभोजनम् ।
सदा द्वादश मासांस्तु नियतो नियताशनः ॥१०३॥

103. ṣaḍviṁśe divase yastu prāśnīyādekabhojanam ,
sadā dvādaśa māsāṁstu niyato niyatāśanaḥ.

103. ṣaḍviṃśe divase yaḥ tu prāśnīyāt ekabhojanam
sadā dvādaśa māsān tu niyataḥ niyatāśanaḥ

103. Whoever eats only one meal on the twenty-sixth day, consistently for twelve months, being self-controlled and moderate in food intake.

Words meanings summery:

• षड्विंशे (ṣaḍviṁśe) - on the twenty-sixth

• दिवसे (divase) - on the day

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• तु (tu) - emphatic particle, introducing the subject's actions (but, indeed, however)

• प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat, should partake

• एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal, one meal

• सदा (sadā) - consistently, constantly (always, ever)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• मासान् (māsān) - for months (months)

• तु (tu) - emphatic particle, emphasizing the duration (but, indeed, however)

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained

• नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - moderate in eating, regulated in food

Words meanings and morphology

षड्विंशे (ṣaḍviṁśe) - on the twenty-sixth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ṣaḍviṃśa

ṣaḍviṁśa - twenty-sixth

Compound: ṣaṣ (six) + viṃśa (twentieth).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (ṣaṣ+viṃśa)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• viṃśa – twentieth
  adjective (masculine)
  From viṃśati (twenty).

Note: Qualifies 'divase'.

दिवसे (divase) - on the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Denotes time.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the clause.

तु (tu) - emphatic particle, introducing the subject's actions (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

Note: Often implies a slight contrast or simply introduces a new clause.

प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat, should partake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāś

Optative Active

3rd person singular. From pra- (prefix) + √aś (to eat).

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Expresses a rule or wish.

एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal, one meal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekabhojana

ekabhojana - a single meal, one meal

Compound: eka (one) + bhojana (meal).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (eka+bhojana)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• bhojana – eating, meal, food
  noun (neuter)
  From √bhuj (to eat).
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'prāśnīyāt'.

सदा (sadā) - consistently, constantly (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Modifies the action of eating.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Compound type : Dvigu (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• daśan – ten
  numeral

Note: Qualifies 'māsān'.

मासान् (māsān) - for months (months)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

From √mās (to measure, refer to moon).

Root: mās

Note: Adverbial accusative of duration.

तु (tu) - emphatic particle, emphasizing the duration (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

Note: Emphasizes the duration or condition.

नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, self-controlled, regulated, fixed

Past Passive Participle

From ni- (prefix) + √yam (to restrain).

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe the state of the subject 'yaḥ'.

नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - moderate in eating, regulated in food

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatāśana

niyatāśana - regulated in food, moderate in diet, abstemious

Compound: niyata (regulated) + āśana (eating, food).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (niyata+āśana)

• niyata – regulated, controlled, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ni- (prefix) + √yam (to restrain).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āśana – eating, food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  From √aś (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the subject 'yaḥ'.