महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-111

योऽष्टाविंशे तु दिवसे प्राश्नीयादेकभोजनम् ।
सदा द्वादश मासांस्तु जितात्मा विजितेन्द्रियः ॥१११॥

111. yo'ṣṭāviṁśe tu divase prāśnīyādekabhojanam ,
sadā dvādaśa māsāṁstu jitātmā vijitendriyaḥ.

111. yaḥ aṣṭāviṃśe tu divase prāśnīyāt ekabhojanam
sadā dvādaśa māsān tu jitātmā vijitendriyaḥ

111. yaḥ jitātmā vijitendriyaḥ sadā dvādaśa māsān
tu aṣṭāviṃśe divase ekabhojanam prāśnīyāt

111. Whoever, for twelve months continuously, with a controlled self (ātman) and subdued senses, partakes of only one meal on the twenty-eighth day...

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• अष्टाविंशे (aṣṭāviṁśe) - on the twenty-eighth

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, as for

• दिवसे (divase) - on the day

• प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat, should partake

• एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal

• सदा (sadā) - always, constantly, ever

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• मासान् (māsān) - months

• तु (tu) - indeed, but

• जितात्मा (jitātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is controlled, self-controlled

• विजितेन्द्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - one whose senses are controlled, having subdued senses

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

अष्टाविंशे (aṣṭāviṁśe) - on the twenty-eighth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aṣṭāviṃśa

aṣṭāviṁśa - twenty-eighth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aṣṭa+viṃśati)

• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral
• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'divase'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, as for

(indeclinable)

दिवसे (divase) - on the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat, should partake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of prāśnīyāt

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekabhojana

ekabhojana - one meal, single meal

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+bhojana)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral adjective (masculine)
• bhojana – eating, food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root bhuj with suffix -ana
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

सदा (sadā) - always, constantly, ever

(indeclinable)

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelve

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• daśa – ten
  numeral

Note: Agrees with 'māsān'

मासान् (māsān) - months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Indicates duration of time

तु (tu) - indeed, but

(indeclinable)

जितात्मा (jitātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is controlled, self-controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitātman

jitātman - one who has conquered his self, self-controlled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+ātman)

• jita – conquered, won, subdued
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ji with suffix -ta
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

विजितेन्द्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - one whose senses are controlled, having subdued senses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijitendriya

vijitendriya - one who has controlled his senses, master of senses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vijita+indriya)

• vijita – conquered, subdued, overcome
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ji with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense
  noun (neuter)