महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-93

त्रयोविंशे तु दिवसे प्राशेद्यस्त्वेकभोजनम् ।
सदा द्वादश मासांस्तु मिताहारो जितेन्द्रियः ॥९३॥

93. trayoviṁśe tu divase prāśedyastvekabhojanam ,
sadā dvādaśa māsāṁstu mitāhāro jitendriyaḥ.

93. trayoviṃśe tu divase prāśet yaḥ tu ekabhojanam
sadā dvādaśa māsān tu mitāhāraḥ jitendriyaḥ

93. yaḥ trayoviṃśe divase ekabhojanam prāśet,
sadā dvādaśa māsān tu mitāhāraḥ jitendriyaḥ (saḥ bhavati)

93. One who, on the twenty-third day, eats only a single meal for twelve months, consistently maintaining a moderate diet and having controlled their senses...

Words meanings summery:

• त्रयोविंशे (trayoviṁśe) - on the twenty-third

• तु (tu) - emphasizes the connection or statement (but, indeed, yet, however)

• दिवसे (divase) - on the specific twenty-third day (on the day)

• प्राशेत् (prāśet) - one eats (as a regular practice or observance) (should eat, eats)

• यः (yaḥ) - the person who performs the action (who, whoever)

• तु (tu) - emphasizes the connection or statement (but, indeed, yet, however)

• एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal (as a dietary practice) (a single meal, one meal)

• सदा (sadā) - consistently for the specified duration (always, ever, constantly)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• मासान् (māsān) - for the duration of twelve months (months)

• तु (tu) - emphasizes the connection or statement (but, indeed, yet, however)

• मिताहारः (mitāhāraḥ) - referring to the person who maintains such a diet (moderate in diet, abstemious)

• जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - referring to the person who has controlled their senses (having controlled senses, self-controlled)

Words meanings and morphology

त्रयोविंशे (trayoviṁśe) - on the twenty-third

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of trayoviṃśa

trayoviṁśa - twenty-third

Ordinal numeral

Compound type : dvandva (traya+viṃśati)

• traya – three
  numeral
• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'divase'.

तु (tu) - emphasizes the connection or statement (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

दिवसे (divase) - on the specific twenty-third day (on the day)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

From root 'div' (to shine, day).

Root: div

प्राशेत् (prāśet) - one eats (as a regular practice or observance) (should eat, eats)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of aś

Optative mood

From root 'aś' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: The 't' in 'prāśet' comes from the active ending for 3rd person singular in optative ('-et').

यः (yaḥ) - the person who performs the action (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - emphasizes the connection or statement (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal (as a dietary practice) (a single meal, one meal)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekabhojana

ekabhojana - a single meal

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhojana)

• eka – one, single
  numeral/adjective
• bhojana – food, meal, eating
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'bhuj' (to eat, enjoy).
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Object of the verb 'prāśet'.

सदा (sadā) - consistently for the specified duration (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

From 'sa' (with) + 'dā' (time suffix). Adverb of time.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• daśan – ten
  numeral

Note: Modifies 'māsān'.

मासान् (māsān) - for the duration of twelve months (months)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Root: mās

Note: Accusative of duration.

तु (tu) - emphasizes the connection or statement (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

मिताहारः (mitāhāraḥ) - referring to the person who maintains such a diet (moderate in diet, abstemious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitāhāra

mitāhāra - moderate in diet, abstemious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mita+āhāra)

• mita – measured, moderate, limited
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'mā' (to measure).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• āhāra – food, diet, taking
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'hṛ' with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Attribute of the implicit subject ('yaḥ').

जितेन्द्रियः (jitendriyaḥ) - referring to the person who has controlled their senses (having controlled senses, self-controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitendriya

jitendriya - having controlled senses, self-controlled

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jita+indriya)

• jita – conquered, subdued, controlled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)
  Related to Indra; that which belongs to Indra or has power.

Note: Attribute of the implicit subject ('yaḥ').