महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-19

दिवसे पञ्चमे यस्तु प्राश्नीयादेकभोजनम् ।
सदा द्वादशमासांस्तु जुह्वानो जातवेदसम् ॥१९॥

19. divase pañcame yastu prāśnīyādekabhojanam ,
sadā dvādaśamāsāṁstu juhvāno jātavedasam.

19. divase pañcame yaḥ tu prāśnīyāt ekabhojanam
sadā dvādaśamāsān tu juhvānaḥ jātavedasam

19. yaḥ tu pañcame divase ekabhojanam prāśnīyāt
ca sadā dvādaśamāsān jātavedasam juhvānaḥ

19. And whoever eats only one meal on the fifth day, and continuously offers oblations to Agni (jātavedas) for twelve months...

Words meanings summery:

• दिवसे (divase) - on the day, in the daytime

• पञ्चमे (pañcame) - on the fifth, fifth

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - he should eat, he may eat, he should partake

• एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal, one meal

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• द्वादशमासान् (dvādaśamāsān) - for twelve months

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - offering oblations, sacrificing, performing a fire ritual

• जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - to Agni (fire god), who knows all beings

Words meanings and morphology

दिवसे (divase) - on the day, in the daytime

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day, daytime

पञ्चमे (pañcame) - on the fifth, fifth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pañcama

pañcama - fifth

ordinal number from pañcan (five)

Note: modifies divase

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

particle

प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - he should eat, he may eat, he should partake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāś

optative active

from root aś (to eat) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - a single meal, one meal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekabhojana

ekabhojana - a single meal, eating only once a day

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhojana)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• bhojana – food, meal, eating
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun from root bhuj
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

adverb

द्वादशमासान् (dvādaśamāsān) - for twelve months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvādaśamāsa

dvādaśamāsa - twelve months

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvādaśa+māsa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral (masculine)
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

particle

जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - offering oblations, sacrificing, performing a fire ritual

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of juhvāna

juhvāna - offering oblations, sacrificing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

from root hu (to offer, to sacrifice), intensive form, with present participle suffix śānac

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Participle acting adjectivally.

जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - to Agni (fire god), who knows all beings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jātavedas

jātavedas - Agni; one who knows all created things; possessed of wealth or knowledge; having inherent knowledge

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jāta+vedas)

• jāta – born, produced, created
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• vedas – knowledge, wealth
  noun (neuter)
  from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)