महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-40

यस्तु संवत्सरं भुङ्क्ते दशाहे वै गते गते ।
सदा द्वादशमासान्वै जुह्वानो जातवेदसम् ॥४०॥

40. yastu saṁvatsaraṁ bhuṅkte daśāhe vai gate gate ,
sadā dvādaśamāsānvai juhvāno jātavedasam.

40. yaḥ tu saṃvatsaram bhuṅkte daśāhe vai gate gate
| sadā dvādaśamāsān vai juhvānaḥ jātavedasam

40. yaḥ tu sadā dvādaśamāsān vai jātavedasam juhvānaḥ
[saḥ] daśāhe vai gate gate saṃvatsaram bhuṅkte

40. Whoever, indeed, for twelve months, constantly offers oblations (homa) to Agni (jātavedas), that person enjoys the fruit of a full year for every ten-day period that passes.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

• तु (tu) - Emphasizes the preceding 'yaḥ'. (but, indeed, yet)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a duration of one year (as fruit/merit) (a year)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys the fruit or merit. (enjoys, experiences, consumes)

• दशाहे (daśāhe) - when a period of ten days passes. (in ten days, on the tenth day)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• गते (gate) - when a period passes (having gone, passed)

• गते (gate) - repeated for emphasis, meaning 'each time it passes' (having gone, passed)

• सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

• द्वादशमासान् (dvādaśamāsān) - for a period of twelve months (of action) (for twelve months)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - performing a Vedic fire ritual (homa) (offering oblations (in fire), sacrificing)

• जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - to Agni, the fire god (knower of all born things)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'bhuṅkte'.

तु (tu) - Emphasizes the preceding 'yaḥ'. (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a duration of one year (as fruit/merit) (a year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year, an era

Prefix: sam

Root: vas (class 10)

Note: Denotes duration as object of 'bhuṅkte'.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys the fruit or merit. (enjoys, experiences, consumes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

दशाहे (daśāhe) - when a period of ten days passes. (in ten days, on the tenth day)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of daśāha

daśāha - a period of ten days

Compound type : dvigu (daśa+ahan)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes 'when'.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

गते (gate) - when a period passes (having gone, passed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, passed, arrived at, come to

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'daśāhe'.

गते (gate) - repeated for emphasis, meaning 'each time it passes' (having gone, passed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, passed, arrived at, come to

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'daśāhe'.

सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

द्वादशमासान् (dvādaśamāsān) - for a period of twelve months (of action) (for twelve months)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvādaśamāsa

dvādaśamāsa - twelve months

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvādaśa+māsa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes duration.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - performing a Vedic fire ritual (homa) (offering oblations (in fire), sacrificing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of juhvāna

juhvāna - performing a Vedic fire ritual, offering oblations, sacrificing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from √hu (to offer, sacrifice) in the reduplicated class 3

Root: hu (class 3)

जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - to Agni, the fire god (knower of all born things)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jātavedas

jātavedas - Agni (the fire god), knower of all creatures, rich in knowledge

Compound: jāta (born) + vedas (knowledge/wealth). Refers to Agni.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jāta+vedas)

• jāta – born, produced, arisen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• vedas – knowledge, wealth, property
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of the action 'juhvānaḥ'.