महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पितामहेन विधिवद्यज्ञाः प्रोक्ता महात्मना ।
गुणाश्चैषां यथातत्त्वं प्रेत्य चेह च सर्वशः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pitāmahena vidhivadyajñāḥ proktā mahātmanā ,
guṇāścaiṣāṁ yathātattvaṁ pretya ceha ca sarvaśaḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | pitāmahena vidhivat yajñāḥ proktāḥ
mahātmanā | guṇāḥ ca eṣām yathātattvam pretya ca iha ca sarvaśaḥ

1. Yudhishthira said: The great-souled grandfather has properly described the Vedic rituals (yajñas), along with their true qualities in every respect, both in this world and in the next.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by Bhishma (Yudhishthira's grandfather) (by the grandfather)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, ritually

• यज्ञाः (yajñāḥ) - Vedic rituals (yajñas) (Vedic rituals, sacrifices)

• प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - described (declared, described, spoken of)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled grandfather (Bhishma) (by the great-souled one)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (qualities, merits, virtues)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (yajñas) (of these)

• यथातत्त्वम् (yathātattvam) - truly (according to truth, truly, accurately)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - in the next world (having died, after death, in the next world)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in every respect (in every respect, completely)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (steadfast in battle)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steadfast)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by Bhishma (Yudhishthira's grandfather) (by the grandfather)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather

Compound: pitā (father) + maha (great)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great
  adjective

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, ritually

(indeclinable)

From vidhi (rule) + vat (suffix meaning 'like', 'according to')

यज्ञाः (yajñāḥ) - Vedic rituals (yajñas) (Vedic rituals, sacrifices)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice

From root yaj (to worship, to sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - described (declared, described, spoken of)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pravac

pravac - to speak forth, to declare

Past Passive Participle

pra (prefix) + ukta (PPP of vac)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: PPP functioning as an adjective

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled grandfather (Bhishma) (by the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble

Compound: mahā (great) + ātman (soul)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies pitāmahena

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (qualities, merits, virtues)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, merit

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (yajñas) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

यथातत्त्वम् (yathātattvam) - truly (according to truth, truly, accurately)

(indeclinable)

Compound: yathā (as) + tattvam (truth)

Compound type : avyayibhāva (yathā+tattva)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• tattva – truth, reality, essence
  noun (neuter)

प्रेत्य (pretya) - in the next world (having died, after death, in the next world)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

pra (prefix) + itvā (absolutive of i)

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in every respect (in every respect, completely)

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) + śas (suffix meaning 'in every way')