महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-115

एकोनत्रिंशे दिवसे यः प्राशेदेकभोजनम् ।
सदा द्वादश मासान्वै सत्यव्रतपरायणः ॥११५॥

115. ekonatriṁśe divase yaḥ prāśedekabhojanam ,
sadā dvādaśa māsānvai satyavrataparāyaṇaḥ.

115. ekonatriṃśe divase yaḥ prāśet ekabhojanam
sadā dvādaśa māsān vai satyavrataparāyaṇaḥ

115. yaḥ satyavrataparāyaṇaḥ dvādaśa māsān sadā
ekonatriṃśe divase ekabhojanam prāśet vai

115. He who, dedicated to the vow of truth (satyavrata), consistently eats only one meal on the twenty-ninth day for twelve months...

Words meanings summery:

• एकोनत्रिंशे (ekonatriṁśe) - on the twenty-ninth

• दिवसे (divase) - on the day

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

• प्राशेत् (prāśet) - should eat, would eat, may eat

• एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - one meal, a single meal

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• मासान् (māsān) - months

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• सत्यव्रतपरायणः (satyavrataparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to the vow of truth, dedicated to truthfulness

Words meanings and morphology

एकोनत्रिंशे (ekonatriṁśe) - on the twenty-ninth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ekonatriṃśa

ekonatriṁśa - twenty-ninth (lit. one less than thirty)

Ordinal numeral from eka-ūna-triṃśat

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+ūna+triṃśat)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• ūna – less, deficient, lacking
  adjective (masculine)
• triṃśat – thirty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Qualifies divase.

दिवसे (divase) - on the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of prāśet.

प्राशेत् (prāśet) - should eat, would eat, may eat

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāś

Derived from root 'aś' (to eat) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Conditional or potential action.

एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - one meal, a single meal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekabhojana

ekabhojana - one meal, a single meal

Compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhojana)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• bhojana – food, meal, eating
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  From root 'bhuj' (to eat, enjoy)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Object of prāśet.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies māsān.

मासान् (māsān) - months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Denotes duration.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

सत्यव्रतपरायणः (satyavrataparāyaṇaḥ) - devoted to the vow of truth, dedicated to truthfulness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavrataparāyaṇa

satyavrataparāyaṇa - devoted to the vow of truth, whose highest aim is the vow of truth

Compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vrata+parāyaṇa)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)
• parāyaṇa – chief object, ultimate end, refuge, devoted to
  noun (neuter)
  para (supreme) + ayana (going, path)

Note: Qualifies yaḥ.