महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-4

यो दरिद्रैरपि विधिः शक्यः प्राप्तुं सदा भवेत् ।
तुल्यो यज्ञफलैरेतैस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥४॥

4. yo daridrairapi vidhiḥ śakyaḥ prāptuṁ sadā bhavet ,
tulyo yajñaphalairetaistanme brūhi pitāmaha.

4. yaḥ daridraiḥ api vidhiḥ śakyaḥ prāptum sadā bhavet
| tulyaḥ yajñaphalaiḥ etaiḥ tat me brūhi pitāmaha

4. O grandfather, tell me that method which can always be accomplished even by the poor, and which is equivalent to the results of these (great) Vedic rituals (yajñas).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - which (method) (which, who)

• दरिद्रैः (daridraiḥ) - by poor persons

• अपि (api) - even (even, also)

• विधिः (vidhiḥ) - method (method, rule, injunction, ritual)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible (to be performed) (possible, able to be done)

• प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to accomplish (to obtain, to reach, to perform)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - can be (may be, should be, would be)

• तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equivalent (equal, similar)

• यज्ञफलैः (yajñaphalaiḥ) - to the results of (Vedic rituals) yajñas (by the fruits of (Vedic rituals) yajñas)

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (fruits/results) (by these)

• तत् (tat) - that (method) (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Bhishma (O grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - which (method) (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

दरिद्रैः (daridraiḥ) - by poor persons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of daridra

daridra - poor, needy

From root daridrā (to be poor)

Root: daridrā (class 2)

अपि (api) - even (even, also)

(indeclinable)

विधिः (vidhiḥ) - method (method, rule, injunction, ritual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - method, rule, injunction, ritual

From vi (prefix) + dhā (to place, arrange)

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible (to be performed) (possible, able to be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

प्राप्तुम् (prāptum) - to accomplish (to obtain, to reach, to perform)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

pra (prefix) + āp (root)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - can be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equivalent (equal, similar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, comparable

From root tul (to balance, weigh)

Root: tul (class 10)

यज्ञफलैः (yajñaphalaiḥ) - to the results of (Vedic rituals) yajñas (by the fruits of (Vedic rituals) yajñas)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of yajñaphala

yajñaphala - fruit/result of a Vedic ritual (yajña)

Compound: yajña (Vedic ritual) + phala (fruit/result)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yajña+phala)

• yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  From root yaj (to worship, to sacrifice)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Often takes instrumental case with 'tulya'

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (fruits/results) (by these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the yajñaphala. 'These' here means 'the fruits of the grand yajnas previously discussed.'

तत् (tat) - that (method) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic pronoun

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular

Irregular root

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Bhishma (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather

Compound: pitā (father) + maha (great)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great
  adjective