महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-5

भीष्म उवाच ।
इदमङ्गिरसा प्रोक्तमुपवासफलात्मकम् ।
विधिं यज्ञफलैस्तुल्यं तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥५॥

5. bhīṣma uvāca ,
idamaṅgirasā proktamupavāsaphalātmakam ,
vidhiṁ yajñaphalaistulyaṁ tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.

5. bhīṣma uvāca idam aṅgirasā proktam upavāsaphalātmakam
vidhim yajñaphalaiḥ tulyam tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira

5. Bhishma said: "O Yudhishthira, understand this method, described by Angiras, which yields the fruits of fasting and is equivalent to the benefits of a (Vedic ritual)."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (the speaker of these verses) (Bhishma (name of a character))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अङ्गिरसा (aṅgirasā) - by Angiras

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - spoken, declared, described

• उपवासफलात्मकम् (upavāsaphalātmakam) - which brings about the result of fasting (of the nature of the fruit of fasting, yielding the fruits of fasting)

• विधिम् (vidhim) - this method or prescribed rite (method, rite, rule, ordinance)

• यज्ञफलैः (yajñaphalaiḥ) - equivalent to the benefits derived from a (Vedic ritual) (by the fruits of (Vedic rituals), by the benefits of (Vedic rituals))

• तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal, similar, comparable

• तत् (tat) - that (method/rite previously mentioned) (that, it)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (addressed by Bhishma) (O Yudhishthira (name of a character))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (the speaker of these verses) (Bhishma (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a celebrated hero in the Mahābhārata); terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

Perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter pronoun)

अङ्गिरसा (aṅgirasā) - by Angiras

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aṅgiras

aṅgiras - Angiras (name of an ancient sage, a class of celestial beings)

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - spoken, declared, described

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - spoken, said, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vac (to speak) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

उपवासफलात्मकम् (upavāsaphalātmakam) - which brings about the result of fasting (of the nature of the fruit of fasting, yielding the fruits of fasting)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upavāsaphalātmaka

upavāsaphalātmaka - of the nature of the fruit of fasting, having the fruit of fasting as its essence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upavāsa+phala+ātmaka)

• upavāsa – fasting, a fast
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √vas (to dwell) with prefix upa- (to stay near, hence abstinence)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 4)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, benefit
  noun (neuter)
• ātmaka – having the nature of, consisting of, relating to the self (ātman)
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from ātman + -ka suffix

विधिम् (vidhim) - this method or prescribed rite (method, rite, rule, ordinance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, injunction, ordinance, method, rite, destiny

Derived from √dhā (to place, arrange) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

यज्ञफलैः (yajñaphalaiḥ) - equivalent to the benefits derived from a (Vedic ritual) (by the fruits of (Vedic rituals), by the benefits of (Vedic rituals))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of yajñaphala

yajñaphala - fruit/result/benefit of a (Vedic ritual)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+phala)

• yajña – (Vedic ritual), sacrifice, devotion
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √yaj (to worship, sacrifice)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, benefit
  noun (neuter)

तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal, similar, comparable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, comparable

Derived from √tul (to weigh, balance)

Root: tul (class 10)

तत् (tat) - that (method/rite previously mentioned) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (pronoun)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibodh

Imperative Active

Derived from √budh (to know) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (addressed by Bhishma) (O Yudhishthira (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother, 'firm in battle')