महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-16

दिवसे यश्चतुर्थे तु प्राश्नीयादेकभोजनम् ।
सदा द्वादशमासान्वै जुह्वानो जातवेदसम् ॥१६॥

16. divase yaścaturthe tu prāśnīyādekabhojanam ,
sadā dvādaśamāsānvai juhvāno jātavedasam.

16. divase yaḥ ca caturthe tu prāśnīyāt ekabhojanam
sadā dvādaśamāsān vai juhvānaḥ jātavedasam

16. yaḥ ca caturthe divase tu ekabhojanam prāśnīyāt
sadā dvādaśamāsān vai jātavedasam juhvānaḥ

16. And whoever eats only one meal on the fourth day, and who continuously offers oblations to Agni (jātavedas) for twelve months...

Words meanings summery:

• दिवसे (divase) - on the day

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and

• चतुर्थे (caturthe) - on the fourth

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat, may eat

• एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - one meal

• सदा (sadā) - always, continuously

• द्वादशमासान् (dvādaśamāsān) - for twelve months

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, surely

• जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - offering oblations, sacrificing

• जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - to Agni (the fire god) (to Agni, to the fire god)

Words meanings and morphology

दिवसे (divase) - on the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चतुर्थे (caturthe) - on the fourth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth, a fourth part

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat, may eat

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pra-aś

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

एकभोजनम् (ekabhojanam) - one meal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekabhojana

ekabhojana - one meal, single meal

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhojana)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral (masculine)
• bhojana – eating, meal, food
  noun (neuter)
  agent noun/action noun
  Derived from root √bhuj (to eat, enjoy)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

सदा (sadā) - always, continuously

(indeclinable)

द्वादशमासान् (dvādaśamāsān) - for twelve months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvādaśamāsa

dvādaśamāsa - a twelvemonth, a period of twelve months

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvādaśa+māsa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, surely

(indeclinable)

जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - offering oblations, sacrificing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of juhvāna

juhvāna - offering, sacrificing, one who offers

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada form from Parasmaipada root)

Derived from root √hu (to offer, sacrifice), 3rd class verb, active voice (Parasmaipada) in form, but here takes an ātmanepada-like ending (śānac affix).

Root: hu (class 3)

जातवेदसम् (jātavedasam) - to Agni (the fire god) (to Agni, to the fire god)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jātavedas

jātavedas - possessing wealth, knowing all created things, fire, Agni